COMPOSITE FAMILY. 257 



71. CICHORIUM, SUCCORY, CICHORY, or CHICORY. (Arabic 

 name of the plant.) 



C. Intybus, Linn. Common C. Nat. from Eu. by roadsides, mainly E. ; 

 leaves runcinate, 'rough-hairy on the midrib, or the upper ones on flower- 

 ing stems, small and bract-like, entire ; showy blue flowers opening only 

 in the morning and in cloudy weather ; root used as substitute for coffee. 

 Young shoots often grown as a blanched vegetable. % (Lessons, Figs. 

 266,267,381.) 



C. Endivia, Linn. Endive. Leaves smooth, slightly or deeply toothed, 

 or much cut and crisped ; flowering stems leafy, with pink-blue flowers ; 

 spreading root leaves used as a salad. Old World. ® © 



72. TRAGOFOGON, GOAT'S BEARD. (Greek: goafs beard, from 

 the pappus.) 



T. porrifblius, Linn. Salsify, Oyster Plant. Cult, from Eu. for the 

 edible tap-root, sometimes running wild ; smooth and pale, 2°-4° high, 

 branching, with long leaves tapering from a clasping base to a slender 

 apex, very large heads on hollow peduncle much thickened upwards, and 

 deep violet-purple flowers. ® 



T. pratensis, Linn. Leaves broader at the base, and peduncle scarcely 

 thickened ; flowers yellow. Nat. from Eu. @ 



73. LEONTODON, HAWKBIT. (Greek : lion-tooth, from the run- 

 cinate leaves of some species.) 



L. autumnale, Linn. Fall Dandelion. Nat. from Eu. in meadows 

 and lawns E. ; leaves jiinnatifid or laciniate ; scapes slender, 8'-12' high, 

 branching ; peduncles thickish and scaly-bracted next the small head ; 

 flowers summer and autumn. % 



74. HIERACIUM, HAWKWEED (which the name means in Greek). 

 Flowers mostly yellow. 2Z 



* Involucre scarcely imbricated, with no distinct calyculate bracts at its 



base ; pappus copious, in a single series. 



H. auranflacum, Linn. Low, the stems hirsute and glandular ; invo- 

 lucre with dark hairs ; scape simple, with the leaves clustered near its 

 base ; flowers deep orange or orange-red ; akenes oblong and truncate. 

 Eu. In gardens, and escaped. 



* * Involucre distinctly imbricated, or else with calyculate bracts at the 



base; pappus scant {except in the first), unequal. 



■<- Heads large ; involucre imbricated. 



H. Canadense, Michx. Stems simple, l°-3° high and leafy up to the 

 corymbed summit ; leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute, with a few coarse 

 teeth ; heads rather large, with loose imbricated involucre. N. 



*- +- Heads small ; involucre little imbricated, but calyculate. 



** Akenes not tapering upward; panicle rather broad (or not virgate). 



H. paniculatum, Linn. Stems slender and branching, leafy, 2°-3° 

 high; leaves lanceolate, scarcely toothed; panicle loose, of very small 

 12-20-flowered heads on slender peduncles, the involucre very simple. 

 N. and S. 



H. vendsum, Linn. Rattlesnake Weed. Very smooth or with a 

 few hairs; leaves chiefly at the root, obovate or oblong, thin, purple- 

 tinged beneath and purple-veiny above ; scape slender, l°-2° high, t ork- 

 gbat's f. f. & g. bot. — 17 



