476 PINE FAMILY. 



Class II. GYMNOSPERMS. 



Plants with no closed ovary, style, or stigma, but ovules 

 and seeds naked on a scale or some other sort of trans- 

 formed leaf, or in Yew at the end of a scaly-bracted stalk ; 

 the mouth of the ovule receiving the pollen directly. 

 Leaves not netted-veined. Cotyledons often more than 2. 

 (Lessons, Figs. 56, 57, 337-339, 411-413.) 



CXXXV. CONIFERS, PINE FAMILY. 



Trees or shrubs, with wood of homogeneous fiber (no ducts), 

 resinous juice, commonly needle-shaped or awl-shaped leaves 

 (mostly evergreen), and monoecious or sometimes dioecious 

 flowers destitute of both calyx and corolla, and in catkins, or 

 the like. 



Aside fr,om the species here described, there are the follow- 

 ing, amongst others, in cultivation : Aratjcarias, particularly 

 A. imbricata, Pav., the Monkey Puzzle, from Peru, with 

 ovate-lanceolate, pointed, stiff, keeled leaves, grown under glass, 

 and in the open S. ; Sciadopitys verticillata, Sieb. & Zucc, 

 Parasol Tree, from Japan, grown out of doors, with long, 

 linear, verticillate leaves ; Cephalotaxus drupacea, Sieb. & 

 Zucc. (known also as C. Fortuni), a straggling shrub planted 

 from Japan in the middle and southern states with dioecious, 

 flat, linear, 2-rowed leaves, and a drupe-like fruit the size of a 

 small plum which ripens the second year. 



I. PINE SUBFAMILY, proper. These are true Coniferon, 

 or cone-bearing trees, the fertile flowers being in a scaly catkin 

 which becomes a strobile or scaly cone. The scales are each 

 in the axil of a bract (which is sometimes evident and pro- 

 jecting, but often concealed' in the full-grown cone) , and bear 

 a pair of ovules adhering to their inner face next the base, the 

 orifice downwards, and the 2-winged seeds peel off the scale 

 as the latter expands at maturity. They all have scaly buds. 

 Leaves scattered or fascicled. 



