478 PINE FAMILY. 



++++++ Leaves evergreen, opposite, awl shaped and scale-shaped (the former on the 

 more vigorous lengthening shoots, the latter closely imbricated and decussate 

 on the succeeding branchlets), commonly with a resinous gland on the back. 

 Seeds and ovules erect; cotyledons only 2 or 8. 



11. CU PRESS US. Cones spherical ; the shield-shaped scales closing- by their well-fitted 



margins, not overlapping, separating at maturity, each scale bearing many ovules 

 and narrowly-winged seeds, its broad summit with a central boss or short point. 



12. CHAM135CYPAKIB. Cone globose, terminal, firmly closed, but opening at maturity, 



the scales peltate. Sterile flowers composed of shield-shaped, scale-like filaments 

 bearing 2-4 anther cells. Leaves small and scale-like, appressed or spreading. Seeds 

 2-3 below each scale, in which it differs chiefly from Cupressus. 



13. THUJA. Cones oblong or globular, the scales not shield-shaped, but concave and fixed 



by their base, overlapping in pairs, pointed if at all from or near their summit, 

 spreading open at maturity, each bearing a single pair of ovules and winged seeds. 

 (Lessons, Figs. 888, 839.) 



+- -i- Fruit berry-like ; flowers commonly dioecious. 



14. JUNIPERUS. Catkins very small, lateral ; the fertile catkin of 8-6 fleshy scales grow- 



ing together, and ripening into a sort of globular berry, containing 1-8 bony seeds. 

 Leaves evergreen, opposite or whorled. 



III. YEW SUBFAMILY. Distinguished by having the 

 fertile catkin, if it may be so called, reduced to a single, ter- 

 minal flower, consisting of an ovule only, surrounded by some 

 bracts or a fleshy disk, ripening into a nut-like or drupe-like 

 seed ; cotyledons only 2. There is nothing answering to the 

 scales of a pine cone. Leaf buds scaly as in the true Pine 

 Family. Flowers mostly dioecious, axillary. 



15. TAXUS. Leaves linear, appearing more or less 2-ranked, green both sides. Both kinds 



of catkins, if such they may be called, are small axillary buds imbricated with per- 

 sistent scales, bearing at the apex, one a few naked stamens each with 3-8 anther 

 cells under a somewhat shield-shaped apex, the other an ovate ovule. This in fruit 

 becomes a nut-like blackish seed, resting in the bottom of a berry-like red cup. 



16. TORREYA. Leaves, catkins, etc., nearly as in Taxus. Stamens more scale-shaped 



at top, each bearing 4 hanging anther cells. Naked seed resembling a thin-fleshed 

 drupe or when dry a nut, with no cup around it, as large as a nutmeg, which it 

 resembles also in the brain-like interior structure. 



17. GINKGO. Leaves wedge-shaped and fan-shaped, deeply 2-cleft and the lobes wavy- 



toothed and somewhat cleft at the broad truncate end, traversed with straight simple 

 or forking nerves or veins, like a Fern. Flowers not often seen. Sterile catkins 

 slender and loose. Seed drupe-like, and with a fleshy short cup around its base. 



18. PODOCARPU8. The fleshy seed raised on a sort of stalk. Leaves sometimes much 



unlike those of other Coniferous trees, being large, linear, lanceolate, or even ovate, 

 and veinless, except the midrib. 



1. FINUS, PINE. (The classical Latin name.) Flowers in late 

 spring. 



* "White Pines, with soft leaves 5 in the cluster, their sheath and the 

 scale underneath early deciduous; cones long, cylindrical, terminal, 

 hanging, falling after shedding the seeds, their scales hardly if at all 

 thickened at the end, pointless ; seed thin-shelled and winged. 



P. Str6bus, Linn. White Pine. Tall tree mostly in poor soil, 

 Penn., N., and along the mountains to Ga. ; with soft, white wood in valu- 



