PINE FAMILY. 483 



9. TAXODIUM, BALD CYPRESS. (Greek: Tew-like; the resem- 

 blance is only in the shape of the leaves.) Flowers before the leaves, 

 in earliest spring. 



T. dfstichum, Richard. American B. or Southern Cypress. Large 

 tree in swamps, from Del., S., and planted even N.; branchlets slender, 

 many of them falling in autumn like leafstalks ; leaves light green, J' 

 long, narrow-linear, 2-ranked, on some flower-bearing shoots awl-shaped 

 and imbricated ; cones 1' or less thick. 



10. SEQUOIA, REDWOOD. (Named for the Cherokee half-breed 

 Indian See-qua-yah, who invented an alphabet for his nation.) Very 

 celebrated, gigantic, Californian trees, with fibrous bark, not unlike 

 that of Taxodium, and soft, fissile, dull red wood. Neither species is 

 hardy in New England, or safe in the Middle States ; but the second 

 is disposed to stand. 



S. sempervirens, Endl. Common Redwood of the coast ranges of Cal.; 

 with flat and linear acute leaves 2-ranked on the branches, but small awl- 

 shaped and scattered ones on the erect or leading shoots, and small globu- 

 lar cones (barely 1' long). 



S. gigantea, Torr. Giant Redwood (in Eng. called Wellingt6nia) 

 of the Sierra Nevada ; with all the leaves awl-shaped and distributed 

 round the branch ; cones ovoid, l£'-2' long. 



11. CUPRESSUS, CYPRESS. Classical name of the Oriental Cypress, 

 namely, 



C. sempervirens, Linn. Planted only far S.; stifi narrow tree, with 

 slender erect branches, dark foliage, and cone 1' in diameter, each scale 

 many-seeded. 



12. CHAM-ffiCYPAHIS, FALSE CYPRESS. (Greek : ground cypress.) 



* White Cedar, with rather stiff branches and closely oppressed leaves. 

 C. sphrserofdea, Spach. Common White Cedar. Tree of low grounds, 



from Me., S., with white valuable wood, slender spray, and pale, glaucous- 

 green, triangular-awl-shaped leaves much finer than in Arbor Vitae ; cones 

 hardly £' wide, with few seeds to each scale, and these almost wingless. 

 * * Cypresses of cultivation, ours with drooping spray. 



C. Lawsoniana, Pari. A most graceful species, with thickly set and 

 plume-like, flat, pendulous spray of bluish-green hue, and cones scarcely 

 above J' in thickness, their scales bearing 2-4 ovules and ripening 2 or 3 

 seeds; male catkins red. N. Cal., where it reaches 100° in height. 

 Many varieties are in cultivation. Half hardy N. 



C. Nutkaensis, Spach. (Thcy6psis borealis). Nootka Sound Cy- 

 press. Like the last, but more robust in habit, its foliage pale-green, 

 and its male catkins sulphur-yellow. Hardier, and cult, in several forms. 

 Ore.,N. 



* * * Retinosporas of cultivation, with more erect branchlets and some- 



times slightly spreading leaves. Japan. 

 C. pislfera, Sieb. & Zucc. Pyramidal tree, or generally a bush as 

 seen in cultivation, with feathery spray, slender branchlets, and dis- 

 tinctly 4-rowed, scale-like, somewhat distant, sharp leaves, which are 

 brownish-green above, bearing 2 glaucous lines beneath ; cones the size 

 of small peas, with 8-12 scales which are irregularly crenulate on the 

 margin. The forms in cultivation, as Retin6spora plum6sa, R. eri- 

 coides, R. squarr6sa and R. riLfEERA, are considered to be forms of 

 this species. 



