FERN FAMILY. 493 



the lower ones very compound and often 1° long ; fruit dots very numer- 

 ous, often covering nearly the whole segment. 



* # * * Fronds broadly triangular, twice or thrice pinnate throughout; 

 lowest primary divisions long-stalked. 



P. aquillna, Linn. Common Brake. Plentiful everywhere, l°-5° 

 high, harsh to the touch ; the lowest, primary divisions standing obliquely 

 forward ; secondary divisions pinnatifld with many oblong or linear, some- 

 times hastate lobes, which in a fruiting frond are bordered everywhere 

 with brown spore cases ; variable. 



8. PELL.ZEA, CLIFF BRAKE. (Greek: dusky, descriptive of the 

 stalk.) Mostly small Ferns. 



P. atropurpurea, Link. "Wild, on shaded limestone ; fronds tufted, 

 6'-12' long, 2'-4' wide, with polished and sparingly downy stalks, 2-pin- 

 nate, simply pinnate toward the top ; pinnules distinct, oblong, or linear- 

 oblong, rarely halberd-shaped, obtuse, or slightly mucronate ; involucre 

 rather broad, and at length hidden by the spore cases. 



P. gracilis, Hook. Fronds 3'-6' high, of very delicate texture, the 

 pinnae few, the lower ones being once or twice pinnately-parted ; pinnae 

 of the fertile frond oblong or linear-oblong and entire, or nearly so; 

 those of the sterile frond ovate or obovate and crenate or incised. Lime- 

 stone rocks, Mass., W. and N. 



P. ternifdlia, Fee. Fronds 6'-12' long, lance-linear, the opposite pinnse 

 of 6-12 pairs, each one cleft nearly to the base into 3 linear, rigid 

 segments with inrolled edges. Trop. Amer. 



9. CHEILANTHBS, LIP FERN. (Greek: lip flower, from the form 

 of the indusium.) A few species are cultivated, not mentioned here. 



* Fronds smooth. 



C. Alabame"nsis, Kunze. Fronds 2'-8' long, ovate-lanceolate and 2- 

 pinnate ; the pinnae numerous and oblong-lanceolate, with triangular- 

 oblong pinnules. Mountains, Va. and Ky., S. 



# * Fronds hairy. 



C. vestita, Swartz. Fronds 6'-15' high, lanceolate, oblong, rusty-hairy, 

 2-pinnate ; the pinnae rather distant and triangular-ovate ; pinnules oblong 

 and crowded and somewhat incised with reflexed lobes. Rocks, N. Y. 



*' ' * * * Fronds woolly or tomentose. 



C. tomentdsa, Link. Fronds 12'-20' high, lance-oblong, densely 

 whitish-tomentose, 3-pinnate ; primary and secondary pinnae 'oblong or 

 ovate-oblong ; pinnules distinct, the margin continuously reflexed. Moun- 

 tains, Va. and Ky., S. 



C. lanugindsa, Nutt. Fronds 3M5' high, on dark, shining stipes, 

 ovate-lanceolate, whitish-woolly, 2- or 3-pinnate ; pinnse ovate, the lowest 

 distinct and the upper contiguous ; pinnules crenate-pinnatifid ; the mar- 

 gin almost continuously reflexed. Tufted ; cliffs, Minn., S. and W. 



10. WOODWARDIA, CHAIN FERN. (Thomas J. Woodward, an 

 English botanist of the last century.) 



W. Virgfnica, Smith. Tall, growing in swamps, Me., S. and W. ; 

 sterile and fertile fronds alike, ovate in outline, pinnate, with lanceolate, 

 deeply pinnatifld pinnse ; lobes oblong, obtuse ; veins reticulated, form- 

 ing a single row of meshes along the midribs of pinnae and of lobes, the 

 outer veinlets free ; fruit dots oblong, close to the midribs. 



