WHITE SCOURS IN CAI^VES 27 



less severe and recovery seems to take place ; but most of the 

 calves die several weeks later with pulmonary lesions. 



Nocard states that it is not rare to see, in these cases, 

 the discharges mixed with blood in various quantities. In 

 more chronic forms it is not rare to observe acute, multiple and 

 very painful arthritis. 



The lesions found at the autopsy vary according to the 

 course of the disease. Usually the umbilicus is large and the 

 umbilical blood vessels have indurated walls, and contain 

 blood clots which may be soft and purulent. Bloody extrav- 

 asations are observed, sometimes very extensive, along the 

 umbilical vessels and the urachus, extending sometimes to 

 the posterior third of the bladder. 



In rapidly progressing cases, lesions of true hemorrhagic 

 septicemia are found. All the organs are congested ; their 

 surface is covered with petechiae, ecchymoses or sub- serous 

 blood infiltrations ; the capillary network of the peritoneum, 

 the omentum, the pleura and the pericardium is very much 

 injected. 



Nocard describes the lungs and articular lesions as follows : 



"The lungs are rarely entirely healthy ; most often they 

 present here and there little diffuse centers of catarrhal pneu- 

 monia, nodular broncho-pneumonia or only of atelectasis. The 

 lesions are much more constant, extensive and dense when the 

 animals have resisted longer ; they represent then the transi- 

 tion between the simple atelectasis of the beginning and the 

 suppurative lesion of lung disease. 



"Articular lesions, when they exist, are very interesting. 

 The periarticular tissues are infiltrated with yellowish and 

 somewhat gelatinous liquid ; the synovial serous membrane is 

 covered with a rich vascular injection, which seems to extend 

 to the borders of the cartilages of the articular surfaces ; the 

 culs-de-sac of the synovials are distended by a great quantity 

 of thick and limpid synovia, strongly yellow or reddish in 

 color, and in which more or less dense and abundant clots of 

 fibrinous exudate are floating. When the lesion is older, 

 instead of synovia, there are thick, dense, and firm fibrinous 



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