MORBID ANATOMY 55 



pleurae are covered with soft red granulations over which are 

 layers of a yellowish exudate which are partly membranous 

 and partly coagulated in a reticular manner, and which can 

 usually be easily removed. The pleural cavities generally 

 contain a considerable quantity of fluid. Dieckerhoff states 

 that from 30-40 liters of a serous fluid are occasionally present. 

 The exudate is usually turbid and of an orange, grayish-red, 

 brownish-red, or dirty-grayish color. It is generally mixed 

 with numerous yellowish colored flakes which form a sediment 

 when the liquid is allowed to stand in a glass. The pleuritic 

 exudate sometimes consists of pure pus and less frequently of 

 blood. The pleuritic exudate when present in large amount 

 compresses the lungs and pushes them away from the thoracic 

 walls. In cases of recovery, the pleuritic exudate may become 

 organized, binding the lungs to the costal walls and diaphragm. 

 Various forms of fibrous, villous growths develop on the 

 pleurae. 



The records show that the other organs of the body are 

 usually in a state of parenchymatous inflammation and fatty 

 degeneration. The muscular tissue of the heart is, as a rule, 

 brownish-gray in color, soft, and suffers from cloudy swelling. 

 In severe cases, it shows well-marked fatty degeneration, is of 

 a clay color, and is occasionally sprinkled with a large number 

 of small, yellowish-white foci. The liver is enlarged, of a 

 clay color or sometimes icteric, and presents signs of fatty 

 degeneration. The spleen is flaccid, its pulp increased and 

 often sprinkled with hemorrhages. The kidneys may be swollen, 

 friable and sometimes show numerous hemorrhagic foci. 

 The lymph glands, especially the bronchial and mediastinal 

 glands, are enlarged, softened, and exhibit on section a grayish- 

 red color. The muscles of the body are soft, and of a yellow- 

 ish-brown color. Small hemorrhages under the serous mem- 

 branes are frequently reported. Slight endocarditis may occur. 

 The blood suffers less change than any of the solid organs. 

 It contains an excess of polynuclear leucocytes. 



The mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines are 

 frequently hyperemic, swollen, sprinkled with hemorrhages, 



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