122 



FOWL TYPHOID 



more diagnostic properties of 

 parallel columns, as follows : 



Bacterium of fowl cholera. 



1. Bacterium short, with oval 



ends. 



2. It usually appears singly in 



tissues. 



3. Ordinarily it exhibits a polar 



stain (from tissue). 



4. Grows feebly or not at all on 



gelatin. 



5. It does not change milk. 



6. Resists drying from one to 



three days. 



7. Kills rabbits inoculated sub- 



cutaneously in from eigh- 

 teen to twenty-four hours. 



8. It kills fowls when injected 

 subcutaneously in small 

 quantities. 



each ; they are arranged in 



Bacterium sanguinarium. 



1. Bacterium short, with ends 



oval or more pointed. 



2. It usually appears in pairs 



united end to end or in 

 clumps in tissues. 



3. It gives a light center, with 



uniformly stained periphery 

 (from tissue). Rarely a 

 polar stain is observable. 



4. Decided growth on alkaline 



gelatin. 



5. Saponifies milk. 



6. Resists drying from eight to 



twelve days. 



7. Kills rabbits inoculated intra- 



venously in from three to 

 five days. Rabbits inocu- 

 lated subcutaneously remain 

 well or die in from six to 

 ten days. 



8. It does not kill fowls when in- 



jected subcutaneously in 

 small quantities. 



While there are many similarities in the symptomatology 

 of these two diseases, there are pronounced differences in the 

 morbid anatomy and in the specific microorganisms. These 

 facts render positive differentiation dependent upon a care- 

 ful bacteriological and pathological examination. In fowl 

 cholera the course of the disease is more rapid than in fowl 

 typhoid. 



§ 107. Prevention. Prompt isolation of the well from 

 the sick fowls and thorough disinfection of the houses and 

 yards. 



In reference to preventing its introduction, Curtice makes 

 the following observation ; 



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