GLANDERS 



151 



12. Pasteur. La vaccin du charbon. Ibid. p. 666. 



13. RUSSBLL. Outbreak of anthrax fever traceable to tannery- 

 refuse. The ijth annual report of the Wis. Agric. Exp. Station, 1889. 



14. SOBERNHEIM. Ueber das Milzbrandserum und seine praktische 

 Anwendung. Deut. med. Wochenschr., 1904. No. 26 u. 27. (First 

 publication. Zeit.filr Hygiene, 1899, Bd. 31). 



GLANDKRS 



Synonyms. Malleus ; farcy ; morve ; Rotzkrankheit. 



% 128. Characterization. Glanders is one of the most 

 important diseases of horses, asses and mules and when trans- 

 mitted to man, one of the most fatal diseases of the human 

 species. It runs an acute or chronic course, attacking the lym- 

 phatic system more especially in the upper air passages, lungs 

 or skin. The disease is characterized by a strong tendency to 

 the formation of small neoplasms or nodules which are likely 

 to degenerate into ulcers from which exudes a peculiar sticky 

 discharge. In the very acute cases a considerable rise of tem- 

 perature and general debility may accompany the formation of 

 the lesions. Glanders of the skin is known as farcy. 



By direct inoculation several species of animals may be 

 infected. Thus the disease has been reported in goats, rab- 

 bits, sheep, guinea pigs, field mice, and several of the wild 

 animals, especially those of the cat tribe. Swine and pigeons 

 are very slightly susceptible. Cattle, white mice, rats and 

 domestic fowls seem to be immune. 



§ 129. History. The theory of the contagiousness of 

 glanders was much doubted at the beginning of this century. 

 The view taken by the veterinarians at the Alfort Veterinary 

 College was that glanders might arise spontaneously from an 

 attack of strangles. This view was far more widely accepted 

 than the theory of its contagiousness, which was stoutly sup- 

 ported by the authorities at the Veterinary College of Lyons. 

 It was not until Rayer (1837) had demonstrated the trans- 

 missibility of glanders to man, and Chauveau (1868) had 



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