MORBID ANATOMY 1 53 



sprinkled with superficial or deep ulcers either clean or 

 covered with crusts. 



Rarely the submaxillary glands only are apparently dis- 

 eased. In other cases, there is only a cough, the latent lesions 

 being confined to the lungs. In still other cases, the lesions 

 are restricted to one or both testicles, the spleen, or some other 

 internal organ. Objective symptoms may or may not be 

 present. Chronic glanders may terminate in the acute form. 



In chronic, cutaneous glanders, with or without edema of 

 the limbs, there may be one or many nodules on the fetlock, 

 or elsewhere on the line of the lymphatic vessels, with indura- 

 tion of the lymphatics extending from it. The nodules may 

 be suppurating and discharging, or they may be closed. 



S 133- Morbid anatomy. In chronic glanders the most 

 frequent locations of the lesions are on the respiratory mucous 

 membrane, in the lungs, lymph glands and skin. M'Fadyean 

 states that he has never seen a case' of glanders in which the 

 lungs were not affected if any lesions were found. Other 

 organs are more rarely invaded. The mucous membrane of 

 the upper respiratory passages is the usual seat of the lesions. 

 Glanders occurs in two forms, (i) as circumscribed nodules 

 with the formation of ulcers and cicatrices ; and (2) as diffuse 

 or infiltrated lesions. 



In nodular glanders, which is the common form, the 

 lesions are most frequently situated on the upper portion of 

 the nasal septum and in the cavities of the turbinated bones. 

 The affection begins with the appearance of nodules varying 

 in size from a grain of sand to a millet seed. They are more 

 or less translucent, of a roundish or oval shape, and of a dirty 

 gray or grayish-red color. The nodules, which may attain to 

 the maximum size of a pea, project somewhat above the sur- 

 face of the mucous membrane. They are surrounded by a 

 reddish ring. Some of them are isolated and others are 

 arranged in groups. Microscopically they consist of a large 

 number of lymphoid cells, which disintegrate in the centre of 

 the nodule. In consequence of the central fatty and purulent 



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