l6o GLANDERS 



a tubercle. The other is that the first stage of the nodules 

 consists of air cells filled with leucocytes. 



M'Fadyean has called attention to the structure of the 

 lung nodules, in which he finds a central part composed of 

 leucocytes that have filled the air spaces, the walls of which 

 have disappeared as if by liquefaction. This is surrounded by 

 a zone of epithelioid cells. A third zone surrounds this, in 

 which the walls of the air vesicles are recognizable. The 

 walls are thickened. The fourth zone is composed of air ves- 

 icles filled with a fibrinous exudate, which entangles a few 

 leucocytes. Frequently the exudate is free from red blood 

 corpuscles, but at times it contains much blood. In older 

 nodules the third and outermost zone is composed of cirrhotic 

 lung tissue, in which can be distinguished the remains of the 

 air cells. This zone passes gradually into the normal tissue. 

 In the last stage the central area shrinks and becomes calcified, 

 while the other zones become converted into a distinct fibrous 

 capsule. Other observers have not reported the calcification. 

 It has not occurred in the writer's observation. The cell 

 necrosis in glanders has been designated by Unna as chroma- 

 tolasis which consists in the disintegration of the nucleus before 

 the destruction of the cell body and the retention of the stain- 

 ing property of the broken, nuclear chromatin. This gives 

 the dark color in the central part of a stained nodule. 



Besides these nodules, there are often chronic bronchitis, 

 peribronchitis, parabronchitis, atelectasis, inflammation of the 

 tissue of the lung and less frequently circumscribed or exuda- 

 tive pleuritis. 



Infiltrated glanders of the lungs form tumors from the 

 size of a walnut to that of a child's head, consisting of a diffuse 

 glanderous infiltration of the alveoli and of the interstitial 

 connective tissues. Frequently on section the infiltrated parts 

 of the lungs resemble very closely a soft sarcoma. They are 

 of a dirty white color, of a gelatinous, juicy consistency and 

 irregular in shape. They may either become indurated so as 

 to form hard, connective tissue-like new growths (fibroma-like 

 tumors of glanders, according to Gerlach), or they may become 



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