230 JOHNS 'S DISEASE 



Pearson. Tuberculosis of cattle. Bulletin 29. Penn. 1894. 



Reynolds. Bovine tuberculosis. Bulletin 51. Univ. of Minn. 

 Agric. Exp. Station. 1896. 



Russell. Tuberculosis and the tuberculin test. Bulletin 40. 

 Wisconsin. 1894. 



Russell. The history of a tuberculous herd of cows. Bulletin 

 78. Wisconsin. 1899. 



Russell. a lesson in bovine tuberculosis. Bulletin 114. Wis- 

 consin. 1904. 



Russell. Two ways of treating tuberculosis in herds. Bulletin 

 136. Wisconsin. 1905. 



Russell and Hastings. Bovine tuberculosis in Wisconsin. 

 Bulletin 84. Wisconsin. 1901. 



Stalker and NilES. Investigation of bovine tuberculosis with 

 special reference to its existence in Iowa. Bulletin 108. Iowa. 1895. 



Thorne. Bovine tuberculosis. Bulletin 108. Ohio. 1899. 



Van ES. Bovine tuberculosis. Bulletin 77. North Dakota Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station. 1907. 



Williamson and Emery. Tuberculosis and its prevention. 

 Bulletin 117. N. C. 1895. 



JOHNE'S DISEASE 



Synonyms. Pseudo-tuberculosis ; chronic bovine pseudo- 

 tuberculous enteritis ; La diarrhee chronique du boeuf. 



§ 158. Characterization. ' Johne's disease is an intes- 

 tinal disorder supposed to be due to acid-fast bacteria. It is 

 characterized by a diarrhea, gradual emaciation and the pres- 

 ence of large numbers of acid-fast bacteria on the surface of 

 and in the mucous membrane of the affected portions of the 

 intestine. The distal part of the ileum is usually the most 

 involved. 



§ 159. History. Johne and Frothingham described a 

 disease in 1895 in which the intestinal mucosa contained large 

 numbers of acid-fast bacteria. They thought it was a case of 

 tuberculosis in a cow due to the avian tubercle bacterium. In 

 1903 Markus called attention to its frequent occurrence in 

 Holland. Since that time it has been recognized in Belgium, 



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