DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS 313 



or skin, they are often characteristic. In the lungs the lesions 

 have frequently been mistaken for tubercle. Usually the dis- 

 ease affects the head and if the maxillary bones are attacked 

 the teeth are usually lost. 



Actinomycosis in swine. Actinomycosis appears in this 

 species in the lower jaw, larynx, lungs, wounds caused by 

 castration, in the mammary gland, muscles and bones. The 

 character of the lesions does not differ to any marked extent 

 in swine from those in cattle or man. In case of bone infection 

 purulent cavities and sinuses are formed in which the yellow 

 granules of the fungus occur. It is reported that occasionally 

 pigs suffer from generalized actinomycosis. Duncker has 

 found iu the muscles of the pig a variety of the ray fungus 

 which has been called Actinomycosis muscolorum suis, to dis- 

 tinguish it if possible from the bovine species. Its relation to 

 the actinomj'cosis bovis has not been clearly determined. It 

 is reported to have been found frequently. 



Acti7iotnycosis in horses and sheep. In the horse, acti- 

 nomycosis of the bones, tongue, trachea, spermatic cord and 

 submaxillary glands has been observed. The disease is re- 

 ported to have been mistaken for glanders. The affection 

 known as scirrhous cord seems to be due in rare cases to an 

 infection by the ray fungus. One such case has occurred in 

 the clinic of this institution. A very few cases of this disease 

 have been reported in sheep, the lesions being restricted to the 

 lungs or muscles. 



§ 233. Differential diagnosis. In cattle actinomycosis 

 is to be differentiated (i) from tuberculosis, especially of the 

 lungs, glands of the throat, head and the udder, (2) various 

 forms of glossitis, polypoid growths in the pharynx, fibroma, 

 sarcoma and osteosarcoma of the jaw, parotitis and cellulitis. 

 The writer has seen a few cases of bacterial infection of the 

 maxillary glands giving rise to the formation of large quanti- 

 ties of caseous matter which caused swelling and firmness 

 suggestive of actinomycotic tumors. In one instance a speci- 

 men reported to be actinomycosis was examined and found to 



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