MORBID ANATOMY 419 



ing enlarged and multiple nuclei and some show vacuoles. 

 The nerve filaments often show a granular degeneration 

 extending from the nerve cell to the axis cylinder. The latter 

 is liable to be varicosed or enormously enlarged. In the 

 affected portion of the cord, leucocytes are numerous and there 

 is often hyperplasia. The neuroglia tends to increase, and 

 apart from the foci of softening tends to give a special firmness 

 to the substance. The subarachnoid and subdural fluid is 

 increased and there ma}' be at the roots of the spinal nerves, 

 especially in the dorsal and lumbar regions, a gelatinoid exu- 

 date investing the nerve, distending the connective tissue 

 beneath the neurilemma and even occupying the interval 

 between the nerve filaments. Sometimes large corpuscular 

 bodies are found between the nerve fibers. 



Weber and Nocard state that sections show cachexia and 

 hemorrh'agic softening of the spinal marrow. The parasites 

 found in these areas and in the serous effusions resemble those 

 of surra and nagana. 



The cerebral meninges are congested and opaque. Foci 

 of softening are by no means uncommon and the cerebral 

 ventricles contain an abnormal quantity of fluid. 



The bony tissue generally has lost its consistency and the 

 medullary matter may be unduly reddened. The large joints 

 contain an excess of synovia of a somewhat pinkish color. 

 The ligaments of the hip joint are often congested, thickened 

 and softened. The articular cartilages may even show areas 

 of blood staining. 



The intestines are usually nearly empty, soft, pale and 

 flaccid. Ruthe has in one case observed rounded ulcers on 

 the mucosa. 



The mesentery is thickened with an infiltration and it has 

 a yellowish discoloration and the mesenteric glands are usually 

 enlarged, softened and friable, though sometimes firm and 

 contracted. The lymph glands adjoiniug the generative 

 organs are often swollen, pigmented and studded with foci of 

 caseation, varying in size from that of a pea upward. The 

 liver is softened, hyperemic or fatty. The spleen is small. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



