MORBID ANATOMY 435 



condition of the animal and the treatment. There is always 

 emaciation, the muscular tissue is dark and the capillary con- 

 gestion is marked. All the tissues of the body may be the 

 seat of effusions, exudations and blood extravasations. If 

 symptoms referable to the nervous system have occurred, 

 brain lesions will be found at post-mortem. 



The muscle of the heart is pale and relaxed. Blood extra- 

 vasations beneath the endocardium are not rare. The kidneys 

 are usually the seat of congestion or ecchymoses either beneath 

 the capsule or in their structure. There are also parenchyma- 

 tous changes. The liver is congested, often giving a mottled 

 appearance. It is often bile stained. There are more or less 

 parenchymatous changes in the liver cells. The lymphatic 

 glands are usually enlarged and the mesenteric glands are 

 often hyperemic or even hemorrhagic. 



The structures most often affected are the mucous mem- 

 branes of the digestive, respiratory and genito- urinary tracts 

 and the skin. 



Nodules and pustules are sometimes found on the skin, 

 especially of the udder. The mucous membrane of the mouth 

 and pharynx is congested in spots, swollen and exhibits 

 rounded, yellowish gray, caseous plates or deposits. The 

 removal of plates discloses ulcerous and highly congested 

 depressions in the mucous membrane, the so-called erosion 

 ulcers. These changes are best marked on the inner surface 

 of the lips, lower surface of the tongue, buccal mucous mem- 

 brane and gums of the inferior maxilla. 



In the first three stomachs the mucous membrane is usu- 

 ally normal or slightly congested in spots, and the epithelium 

 is so loose that it can be easily detached. The contents of the 

 rumen and reticulum are soft and those of the omasum are 

 -often dried, rarely they are fluid. Generally the abomasum 

 is empty and contains only a small quantity of tough, muco- 

 purulent, yellow or sanious material. Its mucous membrane 

 is highly congested, especially in the neighborhood of the 

 pyloric orifice. The congestion is partly diffuse, partly in 

 spots, in the form of points or streaks. Its color may be 



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