442 CONTAGIOUS PLEURO-PNEUMONIA 



Italy. At the commencement of the nineteenth century it 

 visited all the countries of Western Europe. 



South Africa was infected by a bull brought from Holland 

 in 1854, and Australia received the contagion with an English 

 cow in 1858. It is also reported as existing in various parts 

 of the continent of Asia ; but the time of its first appearance 

 and the extent of its distribution are very uncertain. 



Some countries which have only been infected for a short 

 time, such as Norway, Sweden and Denmark, have succeeded 

 in eradicating the disease without much difficulty by slaugh- 

 tering all affected and exposed animals. Other countries long 

 infected and in which the contagion was thoroughly estab- 

 lished, like Australia, South Africa, Italy, France, Belgium 

 and parts of Germany, have labored long, in some cases mak- 

 ing no progress and in others being only partially successful. 

 Holland was one of the first of the thoroughly infected coun- 

 tries to free itself from the eontagion. 



The disease has been brought to the United States several 

 different times. Probably its first introduction was in a dis- 

 eased cow sold in Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1843. It came to New 

 Jersey by importing affected animals in 1847. Massachusetts 

 was infected in the same way in 1859. Massachusetts eradi- 

 cated pleuro-pneumonia during the period from i860 to 1866. 

 New York and New Jersey made an attempt to eradicate it in 

 1879 but were not successful. Late in 1883 the contagion was 

 carried to Ohio, probably by Jersey cattle purchased in the 

 vicinity of Baltimore, Md., to which place it had extended 

 previous to 1868. From the herd then infected it was spread 

 by the sale of cattle during 1884 to a limited number of herds 

 in Illinois, to one herd in Missouri and two herds in Kentucky. 

 By cooperation between the United States Department of 

 Agriculture and the authorities of the affected states, it was 

 found possible to prevent its further spread and to completely 

 eradicate it after a few months. 



In 1886, pleuro-pneumonia was discovered in some of the 

 large distillery stables of Chicago and among cows on neigh- 

 boring lots. This led to renewed efforts to secure the com- 



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