CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
IntTRoDUcTORY.— THE UTILITY or Birps IN NATURE, . j F : 1 
CuapTerR I.—THE VALUE or Birps TO Man, . . i . 2 
Primitive Man's Relations to Nature, . ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ . 28 
Changed Relations produced by Agriculture, . . ‘ é ‘ » 2 
Man at War with Nature in the New World, . 8 é P “ « 25 
The Increase of Insect Pests, . i . : : : : oo QT 
The Number of Insects, . ; $ 7 F a 3 - 28 
The Reproductive Capacity of me 28 
The Voracity of Insects, . & : é F a 30 
The Great Loss to American Agriculture by Insect Ravages, . 31 
Losses by Insect Ravages in Massachusetts, 36 
The Capacity of Birds for destroying Pests, z é . 40 
The Digestion of Birds, . 7 ‘ » . . 2 : - 40 
The Growth of Young Birds, . . . 5 : « 42 
The Amount of Food required by Young Birds, 44 
The Time required for Assimilation of Food, . A . » 49 
The Number of Insects eaten by Young Birds in the Nest, . 51 
The Amount of Food eaten by Adult Birds, . ‘ P ¥ > oF 
Birds save Trees and Crops from Destruction, ‘ : , 63 
The Increase of Injurious Insects following the Destruction of Birds, 72 
The Destruction of Injurious Mammals by Birds, . . é q . 6 
The Value of Water-birds and Shore Birds, . . ‘ ‘ “ . 80 
The Commercial Value of Birds, . 5 ‘ a . 81 
The Asthetic, Sentimental, and Educational 1 Value of Birds, . . 85 
Cuartrer II.— Tur Uriviry oF BIRDS IN WOODLANDS, . P é . 90 
The Relations of the Bird to the Tree, . ¥ ‘ : A 3 . 91 
The Forest Planters, é * 5 ‘ . . 92 
The Influence exerted iy Birds and Squirrels on the cerns of 
Forest Trees, . : ‘ , . - ‘i j F . 96 
The Tree Pruners, . : é F ‘ _ E . . 99 
The Guardians of the Trees, . i x a ; ‘ ‘ ‘ . 100 
Cuarter III.—Birps as DESTROYERS OF HarIRy CATERPILLARS AND 
Puant Licsz, . r a F r : é i . it 
CuHarTeR IV.— THE Economic ae oF BIRDS IN THE ORCHARD, . 149 
CHarTeR V.—SonG BIRDS OF ORCHARD AND WOODLAND, . " 155 
Woodland Thrushes, - 5 ‘ ‘ 5 ‘ tS z . 155 
Kinglets, . . . . . . : . . ‘i a » 160 
Nuthatches and Tits, . a . % . . i i a . 163 
