128 USEFUL BIRDS. 
ated near the woods, in fact, there are woods on both sides, and no 
houses near. ‘The following birds were seen in the orchard during the 
forenoon: Crow, Blue Jay, Red-winged Blackbird, Yellow Warbler, 
Chestnut-sided Warbler, Black and White Warbler, Maryland Yellow- 
throat, Bobolink, Indigo Bird, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Goldfinch, 
Chipping Sparrow, Song Sparrow, Kingbird, Brown Thrush, Catbird, 
Robin, Baltimore Oriole, Scarlet Tanager, and Black-billed .Cuckoo. 
A Black-billed Cuckoo came to the orchard and ate twenty-seven canker- 
worms in two minutes; he remained over half an hour, and part of the 
time was eating much faster than when I counted. A Grosbeak came 
and ate both cankerworms and birch aphids. A pair of Song Sparrows 
were carrying cankerworms to their young. A male Oriole came a long 
distance to the orchard, for when he had got some cankerworms in his 
bill he would start across the woods in a straight line, flying out of sight ; 
he would come back in about half an hour. The Red-winged Black- 
birds came to the orchard from a swamp nearly half a mile away, and 
ate the cankerworms and carried them to their young. A Catbird 
came occasionally and ate cankerworms, then would go and perch in 
the alders beneath which his mate was sitting on her eggs, and sing 
with all his might. I saw a Chimney Swift taking plant lice on the 
wing. 
On July 9, 1898, Mr. Bailey made some interesting early 
morning notes on birds feeding on the gipsy moth. These 
are quoted below : — 
T left Malden for Medford at 3.30 A.M., and went to Forest Street, 
Medford. I arrived there at 4 a.m., and there were some birds in the 
place then. The first bird that I saw eating the gipsy caterpillars was 
the Red-winged Blackbird. The Blackbirds came in almost at the same 
time that I arrived, and they stayed until 6 o’clock, then left and did not 
come back. I could not tell how many caterpillars were eaten by these 
birds, but they took them very often, both the large and the small ones. 
I saw them take no pups. All the caterpillars were taken from the tops 
of the trees. I did not see the birds come near the ground. There were 
seven Baltimore Orioles, and they were eating caterpillars all the time 
from 4.30 until 8; then they stopped eating, but did not go outside the 
woods. As nearly as I could judge, the Orioles did not pick out small 
caterpillars, but took as large ones as there were. I did not see them 
take any pupx. The Black-billed and Yellow-billed Cuckoos were there 
all the time that Iwas. ‘They did not take the caterpillars as often as 
did the other birds. ‘Those that they did take were picked from the 
trunk of the tree or from the ground; they went very little to the tops 
of the trees. Pupze were eaten by these birds. I could get within ten 
feet of them very often. The Blackbirds and Orioles ate more cater- 
pillars than the other birds. There was one Catbird in the woods; it 
