144 USEFUL BIRDS. 
In September, 1895, a second brood of the gipsy moth 
hatched in Woburn. The Warblers were then migrating 
southward, and had stopped there to feed on the young cat- 
erpillars. Mr. Mosher refers to this briefly, as follows : — 
Sepr. 21, 1895. —I went to the Woburn colony in the forenoon, to 
observe the young larve. Ifound that many of them were gone, prob- 
ably having been eaten by birds. Since these warm days the eggs are 
hatching again. The birds were very numerous, especially the War- 
blers and Vireos, and the Chickadees, Blue Jays, and Hairy Wood- 
peckers were quite plentiful. 
In July, 1899, a serious outbreak of gipsy moths was dis- 
covered in Georgetown at some distance from the region 
then known to be infested by this insect. On visiting the 
place I found birds very plentiful there, and most species 
appeared to be feeding on the gipsy moth in some of its 
forms. Mr. Mosher was sent there, and spent several days 
investigating the natural enemies of the moth. Some of 
the notes taken there by him are given below : — 
JULY 11.— A Chickadee came, and ate one larva and one pupa. He 
held them with his feet, pulled them to pieces, and ate the fragments. I 
saw an Oven-bird carrying a gipsy moth larva to her young. A young 
Black-billed Cuckoo came to an oak tree, took a larva from a branch, 
flew to a lower branch, and began working the larva around in its bill. 
It continued this for several minutes, when it dropped the larva to the 
ground, flew and picked it up, and finally swallowed it. A Blue Jay 
remained in sight about four minutes, and was seen to eat ten pups 
and three larve. A pair of Rose-breasted Grosbeaks could be seen 
among the pine trees, feeding steadily when they were in sight. They 
were in the colony at least two hours. There were seven Blue Jays 
in the colony at one time, and all were eating both larve and pup. 
steadily when seen. A pair of Scarlet Tanagers were in the trees for 
nearly‘an hour, and were eating, caterpillars pretty steadily while they 
were in sight, which was about half the time. Several times a Black and 
White Creeper came, and ate a few pups each time. A Downy Wood- 
pecker was heard several times on the edge of the defoliated tract ; 
finally he came into it, and was seen to take a few pupx from the 
clustered masses, pull them in pieces, and eat them. A pair of Great- 
crested Flycatchers were passing to and fro. One of them alighted 
on a tree near me, and, after hopping about for a little and taking one 
or two small moths on the wing, it took a pupa from among the pine 
needles on a small bough, and ate it. There was a family of Black- 
