376 USEFUL BIRDS. 
* Greenbrier, catbrier, bullbrier, . Smilax rotundifolia. - 
Spice bush, fever bush, . i . Benzoin Benzoin. 
* Blueberries and huckleberries, . Vaccinium and Gaylussacia. 
(Nearly all species eaten.) 
Cranberry, . : : : . Oxycoccus macrocarpus. 
Dwarf cranberry, . : : - Oxycocous Oxycoccus. 
Crowberry, . : 2 . . Corema Conradii. 
Bearberry, . . Arctostaphylos Uva-Urst. 
* Tupelo, sour gum, pepperidge . Nyssa sylvatica. 
* Flowering dogwood, ; - Cornus florida. 
* Red osier, dogwood, : . . Cornus stolonifera. 
* Alternate-leaved cornel, green osier, 
dogwood, . . . Cornus alternifolia. 
(The berries of otter « species of cornel are probably eaten.) 
Partridge berry, . : : . Mitchella repens. 
* Red cedar, savin, . A . Juniperus Virginiana. 
Common juniper, econ juniper, . Juniperus nana. 
This list probably does not include all the native trees, 
shrubs, and vines that bear a more or less pulpy fruit and 
contribute largely to the sustenance of birds, but it is be- 
lieved that it comprises those of most importance, with the 
addition of a few valuable introduced species. 
There are many trees, not named in the above list, that 
attract a few birds. The willows, for example, are fre- 
quented by certain Warblers. Among the shrubs, the fruit 
of the burning bush (Huonymus atropurpureus) is sought 
by some birds. The berries of the nightshade (Solanum 
nigrum), though believed to be poisonous, are eaten by 
birds. The pokeweed (Phytolacca decandra) furnishes a 
fruit which, though it is believed to have poisonous prop- 
erties, is eaten by very many birds. 
Those fruit-bearing plants which retain their fruit in win- 
ter are of great importance. Such plants enable many birds 
to exist through our winter storms. The bayberry is among 
the most valuable of the low-growing shrubs. Nearly all 
the winter birds, from the Kinglet to the Crow, eat these 
berries. Where the bushes are not covered with snow, the 
supply at Wareham usually becomes exhausted in February, 
after which the Myrtle Warblers and many of the winter 
Sparrows disappear. The bayberry bushes, being low, are 
sometimes covered with the drifting snow, and then the 
