220 Plants ajid tJieir Ways in Sou^Ji Africa 



FFF. Capsule i-celled ; placentation 

 " free central ". 

 Insectivorous plants ; stamens 



two, anthers i-celled . . Lkntibulariace.^. 



EE. Seeds few, at least South African 

 species. 

 Capsule often explosive, bracts usu- 

 ally conspicuous .... Acanthacej^. 

 BB. Perianth epigynous (half inferior in Cam- 

 fannlacccE and Goodcniacccv). 

 C. Leaves opposite; stamens free; flowers 

 cymose. (Cohort Rubiales.) 

 D. Leaves stipulate. 



Stamens as many as petals ; seeds 



many or solitary .... Rubiace.^. 

 DD, Leaves exstipulate, stamens as many 

 as petals or fewer ; seeds pendulous. 

 Carpels three, ovary 1-3-celled ; calyx 



a pappus ; inflorescence, panicled . Valerianace.'e. 

 Carpels t\\-o, ovary i-celled, inflores- 

 cence capitate Dipsace.tl. 



CC. Leaves usually (except some Coinpositu) 

 alternate exstipulate ; staniens ap- 

 proaching or partly united, flowers 

 racemose. (Cohort Campanulatce.) 

 U. Seeds many ; placentation axile. 



Flowers imperfect, regular , . . Cucurbitace.e. 



Flowers perfect, regular or zygo- 



morphic ; latex usually present . Campanulace.e. 



DD. Seeds few (i in Compositce) erect. 



Anthers free or cohering; calyx her- 

 baceous ; latex absent . . . Goodeniace.e. 

 Anthers united ; calyx a pappus ; with 



latex or resin ..... Composit.e. 



The plants ranked below those that bear seed are divided 

 into three groups, making in all five divisions of the Vegetable 

 Kingdom : — 



I. Thallophyta. 

 11. Bryophyta. 



III. Pteridoph)ta. 



IV. G)iBnospermie. 

 V. Angiosperiiia?. 



AVhile the lower forms are of great interest and importanee, 

 they are in so many eases knowri only b)- the aid of the miero- 



