37o Plants and their \Vays in South Africa 



Heads small, the rays usually broad and heart-shaped, bearing 

 fruit. Disc flowers bearing stamens. Involucre double, the 

 outer of separate scales ; the inner scales cohere to form a cup. 

 The achenes are without pappus. 



Much-branched rigid shrubs, silky or silvery. The flower heads 

 become very woolly with age. These hairs are not pappus. 



Athanasia. — Heads many-fiowered, without rays. In- 

 volucre of dry, overlapping scales. Receptacle-bearing palete 

 between the flowers. Achenes sharply five-angled or winged. 

 Pappus of short, flat, unequal scales, or of short, woollen, jointed 

 hairs or none. 



Small shrubs or under-shrubs. Leaves entire, toothed or pinnate- 

 parted. Heads yellow, mostly in corymbs. Common. In flower nearly 

 throughout the year. 



AAA. Anthers tailed. Pappus ptttme-like. Lwolucre 

 shining, not withering. 



Eljrtropappus. — Heads 2-S-flowered. Involucre horny. 



II. 



Fi'5- 351- — Heliplerumcatiexens,\i.Q. I. Flower. II. Diagr.lm of disc- 

 flower, (from Edmonds and Marloth's "Elementary Botany foi- South 

 Africa",) 



Much-liranched shrubs with heutli-like, spirally twisted 

 leaves. 



