xn 



Section 42. 



Section 43. 



Section 44. 

 Section 45. 



CHAPTER FIVE: STEMS 



Section 46. 

 Section 47. 



Section 48. 



Section 49. 

 Section 50. 



Section 51. 



Introductory 

 Aerial stems 



A. Erect stems . 



B. Prostrate stems 



C. Climbing stems 



D. Exceptional forms of stems 

 Underground stems 



A. Rhizomes 



B. Tubers . 



C. Bulbs . 



D. Corms .... 



E. Stools 

 The vernal habit 

 The structure and growth of stems 



A. Contrast with roots 



B. Epidermis, cortex, and stele 



C. Arrangement of the vascular bundles 



D. The cylindrical arrangement . 



E. The scattered arrangement . 



F. Cells of the bundles 



G. Rings in the wood. Age of trees 

 H. The bark and things related to it. 



/. Grafting and budding 

 Stems in the classification of seed plants 



