IMMUNITY. 215 



cessation when present in the proportion of | per cent. That 

 corrosive sublimate in the proportion of less than j^ per 

 cent, causes preliminary stimulation followed by gradual 

 diminution. In larger amounts it causes deterioration from 

 the start. Boric acid less than ij per cent, causes transient 

 stimulation, followed by depression and complete cessation at 

 2 per cent. Quinine hydrochloride causes stimulation of 

 phagocytosis up to ytit per cent., which is the maximum effect. 

 Larger amounts are depressing. Complete cessation at 4V 

 per cent. 



Experiments have been made by various investigators, 

 consisting in the production of local leukocytosis, and 

 studying the effects of the leukocytes thus brought to- 

 gether upon bacteria. The injection into the pleural or peri- 

 toneal caA'ity of various substances, notably nucleic acid, or 

 aleuronat suspensions, calls forth - a great accumulation of 

 leukocytes, and these masses of leukocytes have been used for 

 the purpose of observing the phenomena af phagocytosis both 

 inside and outside the body.* 



In operations upon the abdominal cavity the production of 

 artificial leukocytosis in the peritoneal cavity previous to 

 operations has been suggested and tried with apparent success 

 on the ground that if any bacteria entered during the operation 

 they would be destroyed by the phagocytes. f 



RubinJ found that narcotics, alcohol, ether, chloroform, ap- 

 pear to directly lessen the affect of the substances which in- 

 hibit the growth and toxic action of the bacteria in the bodies 

 of normal animals. 



*Gustav F. Ruediger. The Mechanism of Streptococcus Infection. Journal 

 0/ the American Medical Association. No. 3, January 21, 1905. p. ig8. 

 L jdvig Hektoen and Gustav F. Ruediger. Studies in Phagocytosis. Journal 

 of Infectious Diseases. Vol. II., No. i, p. 128 January, 1905. 



fVon Mikulicz. Versuche iiber Resistenzvermehrung bei Magen und Darm- 

 perforationen. Archiv jiir klinische Chirurgie. Bd. LXXIII., Heft 2, p. 347. 



1904- 



XJourn. Infectious Diseases. Vol. I., 1904. pp. 425-444. 



