270 



MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



pears in cultures. The pigment appears as granules outsicV- 

 of the bacteria. 



Bacillus Violaceus (of Berlin).— Found in water; a shm 

 rod with rounded ends which may form threads; actively 

 motile; facultative anaerobic; liquefies gelatin rapidly; forms 

 endogenous spores placed near the centers of the bacilli; grows 

 rapidly, and not at high temperatures, upon ordinary media, 

 forming a deep, violet-colored pigment. There are several 

 bacilli related to this one. 



Bacillus Amylobacter (Clostridium butyricum; Bacillus 

 butyricus, Prazmowski).— Found widely distributed in nature 

 in decomposing vegetable material and in the stomachs of 

 ruminant animals; a large, thick rod with round ends, often 

 arranged in chains; actively motile; anaerobic; forms spores 

 which are located in the center of the bacillus and give it a 

 spindle-shaped form, or at one end, when it has the outline 

 of a tadpole; has not been cultivated satisfactorily on ordinary 

 media; grows best at 35° to 40° C; decomposes carbohydrates 

 with the formation of butyric acid; decomposes cellulose. 

 Organisms of similar form have been found as fossils belonging 

 to the carboniferous period. 



Bacillus Butyricus (Hueppe). — Found in milk; appears as 

 a small, irregular rod, also forming threads; very actively motile; 

 aerobic; rapidly liquefies gelatin; forms centrally located spores; 

 grows best at 35° to 40 C; grows rapidly on ordinary media; 

 coagulates milk, redissolving the coagulum, producing also 

 butyric acid. A large number of bacteria, both aerobic and 

 anaerobic, produce butyric acid fermentation. 



Bacillus Megaterium. — Obtained by de Bary from cooked 

 cabbage-leaves; common on plants and earth; a large bacillus 

 with rounded ends, often forming chains; motile; slowly lique 

 fies gelatin; aerobic; forms spores, especially in potato cul- 

 tures; grows rapidly at room temperature on the ordinary 

 media. 



