2 74 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



gelatin ; aerobic ; involution forms are often seen and they have 

 been described as spores; grows rapidly, best at 20° C. upon 

 gelatin; forms branching zoogloeae. It is a member of the same 

 group as B. proteus (see Part IV.). 



Spirillum Rubrum.— Found by Esmarch in the putrefying 

 cadaver of a mouse; short spirals twice the breadth of the 

 cholera spirillum, usually with one to three turns ; in bouillon 

 growing into long spirals; motile, with flagella; spore forma- 

 tion doubtful; facultative anaerobic; does not liquefy gelatin; 

 grows slowly, best at about 37" C. on the ordinary media; pro- 

 duces a wine-red pigment only when the air is excluded. 



Spirillum or Spirochaeta Dentium.— Found in the mouths 

 of healthy persons, on the margins of the gums when they are 

 covered with a dirty deposit; long spirals with several wind- 

 ings, uneven in thickness; has not been cultivated. 



Spirillum Sputigenum.— Found in the human mouth in 

 healthy persons at the margin of the gums; curved rods or 

 short spirals which resemble the spirillum of cholera in form; 

 has not been cultivated. 



Spirillum Rugula (Vibrio rugula) . — ^Found in swamp water, 

 in fecal matter and in the tartar of the teeth; a curved rod 

 0.5 to 2.5 |t broad and 6 to 8 m long, having one flat spiral wind- 

 ing; motile, with flagella at the ends; probably anaerobic; 

 forms spores located at the ends. 



Spirillum Volutans. — ^Found in swamp water; very long 

 spirals with several turns; 1.5 to 2 m broad and 25 to 30 t^ long; 

 motile, with a flagellum at each extremity. The protoplasm 

 is granular. 



Spirillum Undula.— Found in putrefying infusions con- 

 taining organic matters; a rather short spiral form with three 

 turns or less, about i /^ thick and 8 to 12 ji^long; actively motile, 

 with a tuft of flagella at each extremity; has been cuUivated on 

 agar. 



Spirillum or Spirochaeta Plicatile.— Found in swamp 



