402 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



supposed by its discoverers to be the cause of cholera 

 nostras, but it appears to have no relation to that disease. 



Spirillum Millieri. — A comma-shaped organism resem- 

 bling Vibrio prdteus in many respects, and probably identical 

 with it. In gelatin it grows more rapidly, and produces lique- 

 faction more rapidly than the spirillum of cholera. On gela- 

 tin plates, at the end of twenty-four hours, the colonies are 

 uniformly circular and granular, lying in little depressions 

 resulting from the liquefaction of the gelatin. Its growths 

 in the other media are not characteristic. It liquefies blood- 

 serum. It does not produce indol as a rule. It is less toxic 

 to animals than the spirillum of cholera. It was isolated by 

 Miller from a carious tooth. 



See also Spirillum sputigenum, Part III. 



Spirillum Tyrogenum (Deneke). — A comma-shaped organ- 

 ism, not so large as the spirillum of cholera. It is motile, 

 having a flagellum at one end. It does not form spores. In 

 cultures, genuine spirilla may develop. Gelatin is liquefied 

 more rapidly than by the spirillum of cholera, and the colonies 

 develop more rapidly. The circumference of the colony is 

 round, the surface may appear somewhat granular, and it has 

 a greenish-brown color, seen under the low power. Milk con- 

 taining litmus becomes acid, is subsequently decolorized, and 

 is also coagulated. It liquefies coagulated blood-serum. It 

 does not form indol in Dunham's peptone solution as a rule. 

 No pellicle forms in cultures upon bouillon. It is less toxic 

 to animals than the spirillum of cholera. It was isolated 

 originally from old cheese. 



Vibrio Berolinensis. — A comma-shaped organism resem- 

 bling the spirillum of cholera in form and in the position of its 

 flagellum. It does not stain by Gram's method. It grows at 

 the room-temperature, but more rapidly in the incubator. 

 The colonies upon gelatin, one or two days old, when magnified, 

 are decidedly more finely granular and more transparent than 



