404 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



Two vibrios, V. Massaua and V. Ghinda, were isolated in 

 the places after which they are respectively called by Pasquale.* 

 Both were held to be genuine cholera spirilla at first, but the 

 failure to agglutinate with cholera-immune serum differentiates 

 them from this organism. V. Massaua was isolated from the 

 dejecta of a patient who was suffering from some other disease 

 than cholera, though there had been an outbreak of cholera 

 at the place before Pasquale's arrival. The other vibrio was 

 isolated from drinking water. Gotschlich 21 cultures of 

 vibrios from various material in Alexandria, in Egypt, all of 

 which could be differentiated from cholera by means of 

 immune serum.f 



The Spirillum or Spirochaeta Obermeieri (of Relapsing 

 Fever). — A slim spirillum with numerous turns, 16 to 40 /< in 

 length. The ends are pointed. It is actively motile. The 

 spirillum is not stained by Gram's method, but may be colored 

 by the ordinary aniline dyes. The organism has never been 

 cultivated. It is found abundantly in the blood and in the 

 spleen during the attack of fever. The spleen is enlarged. 

 The disease has been produced in apes by inoculating them 

 with blood taken from men having the disease. 



Novy and KnappJ came to the conclusion as the result of 

 their investigations in this direction that the S. obermeieri 

 is to be classed with the bacteria and not with the protozoa. 

 They also found that besides human beings, monkeys, white 

 mice, rats; wild and tame are subject to infection with the 

 organism; moreover, monkeys, mice and rats can be promptly 

 cured by injections of hyperimmunized blood. S. obermeieri 

 can be made to pass through a Berkefeld filter. 



In a preliminary note Novy and Knapp§ report the culti- 

 vation of a spirillum which they call S. obermeieri with reserve; 



* KoUe and Wassermann. Bd. III. 1903. p. 71. 



'\Ibid. p. 72. 



tJourn. Injec. Diseases. Vol. III. igo6. pp. 291-393. 



%Journ. Am. Med. Assn. No. 26. Vol. XLVII. Dec. 29, 1906. 



