62 FLOWER GARDENING 
Coarse manure, laid around shrubs, roses and 
vines after the ground has frozen and worked into 
the soil in spring, is an excellent means of autumn 
fertilizing. For smaller plants use well rotted 
manure thoroughly mixed with a little soil, and put 
it on the ground before the leaves are spread. 
Tobacco stems, which are rich in potash, are a good 
autumn fertilizer for roses, peonies and other 
strong plants that have bare ground around them. 
