226 FLOWER GARDENING 
used together for double-cropping shaded ground, 
tulips thrive among ferns and so on. Avoid all 
double forms and bizarre color notes in naturalistic 
planting. Red is not a spring color in the North; 
so beware of red tulips. The best tulips are the yel- 
low species and the cottage white and yellow selfs; 
the best daffodils the yellow trumpet and the poet’s 
narcissus. 
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), which nat- 
uralizes well in rocky places, is excellent for early 
spring; so are Dutchman’s breeches (Dielytra cu- 
cullaria) and Squirrel corn (D. canadensis). Then 
there are the foam flower (Tiarella cordifolia), 
heart-leaved saxifrage (Saxifraga cordifolia), Lon- 
don pride (S. umbrosa), blue bugle (Ajuga genev- 
ensis) white bugle (4. reptans alba), liverwort 
(Hepatica triloba), white stonecrop (Sedum al- 
bum ) and, later, the perennial forget-me-not (My- 
osotis semperflorens) for similarly carpeting the 
ground. The first three lose their foliage after 
blooming; so may be double-cropped with ferns 
and other plants. 
For higher growth—a foot or so—in partial 
shade the wild sweet-william (P. divaricata), sweet 
woodruff (Asperula odorata), Greek valerian 
'(Polemonium reptans), common American colum- 
bine (A quile gia canadense) and Pennsylvanian ane- 
'mone (4. pennsylvanica) are admirable when 
spring is getting ready to merge into summer; 
closed gentian (Gentiana Andrewsii) in September 
and the evergreen Christmas rose (Helleborus 
