34 HOW PLANTS EMPLOY INSECTS TO WORK FOE THEM, 



Take notice that these anthers do not open by trap-doors, like those of Barberry, 

 nor by long slits as in most flowers. As in most of the Heath Family (to which 

 Kalmia belongs), they consist of a pair of sacs, side by side, which open by a 

 round hole at the top (see Fig. 29). So, when the bowed filament is set free and 

 flies forward, the grains of pollen in the- anther are projected, like shot from a 

 child's pea-shooter. A bit of whalebone, to the end of whiuh two pieces of quill 

 filled with smaE shot are made fast, is not a bad representation of one of these 

 stamens. This really must be a contrivance for discharging pollen at some object. 

 If the stigma around which the stamens are marshalled be that object, the target 

 is a small one, yet some one or more of the ten shots might hit the mark. But 

 the discharges can hardly ever take place at all without the aid of an insect. 

 Bees are the insects thus far observed to frequent these flowers ; and it is inter- 

 esting to watch the operations of a bumble-bee upon them. The bee, remaining 

 on the wing, circles for a moment over each flower, thrusting his proboscis all 

 round the ovary at the bottom ; in doing this it jostles and lets off' the springs, 

 and receives upon the under side of its body and its legs successive charges of 

 pollen. Flying to another blossom, it brings its pollen-dusted body against the 

 stigma, and, commonly revolving on it as if on a pivot while it sucks the nectar 

 in the bottom of the flower-cup, liberates the ten bowed stamens, and receives 

 fresh charges of pollen from that flower while fertilizing it with the pollen of the 

 preceding one. This accoimt is founded on the observations of Professor Beal, of 

 Michigan, who also states that when a cluster of blossoms is covered with fine 

 gauze, no stamen gets liberated of itself while fit for action, and no seed sets. 



Mgs. 26-29. Flower of American lAurel, Kalmia latifolla. 26. Flower-bud divided lengthtrise. 27. 

 Open fiower. 28. Section of same, lengthwise. 29. A stamen enlatged, discharging pollen firom 

 the two holes at the top. 



