BOOT CROPS. 39 



hibernate in the stems of the carrot plant until the follow- 

 ing spring. The moth of the first-named species is about 

 half an inch long, of a red-brown colour ; while the moth of 

 D. depressella is the same length, but of a yellow colour. 



The caterpillars of D. cicutella feed on the leaves of 

 the carrot plant, which they roll up. These caterpillars 

 are green in colour with black spots on each segment, and 

 they are half an inch long. The pupse are brown, and 

 are to be found either in the coiled leaves or in cocoons 

 in the ground. The moths are about seven-sixteenths 

 of an inch long, with narrow wings of a reddish hue. 

 They make their appearance in June. 



These three moths are known under the popular names 

 of " the carrot-blossom moth," " the purple carrot-seed 

 moth," and " the common flat-body moth," respectively. 

 Prevention. — Burn all infested stems, etc. 

 Cure. — Use dressings of soot, quicklime, or sulphur. 

 The Swallow-tailed Butterfly (Papilio machaon) 

 is a rather rare and brilliant creature. The colour of 

 the wings is yellow and black, with lines and spots, a 

 deep bluish-black band near the hind margin, and a 

 bright red round spot on the inner margin of each hind 

 wing. It is chiefly found in the fenny districts of 

 Lincolnshire, Huntingdonshire, and Cambridgeshire. The 

 larva or caterpillar of this butterfly is of a pale green 

 colour with black bands and orange spots. It feeds on 

 the leaves of carrot plants. 



Prevention. — Destroy cow-parsnip and other umbelli- 

 ferous plants. 



(3) The Parasites of Mangel-wurzel {Beta maritima 

 and Beta vulgaris). 

 The Mangel Fly {Anthomyia betce) has already 



