85 



In Pedicularis the tahes are narrow; the upper lip pro- 

 tects the anthers while the lower lip serves as a landing place. 

 As to colors the flowers are various, even in closely related 

 species of the same genus, as in Peaicularis and especially 

 in Castilleia. 



Scrophularia nodosa L. var. Ma'ilandica Gray. Prof. 

 Trelease has given us an interesting account of the pollination 

 of this plant. It is especially adapted to wasps. Mueller re- 

 cords 6 Veipidae. He says:. "The fact that they hold a pro- 

 portion of over one-third in the list of Scrophularia is suffi- 

 cient evidence that the flower especially favors wasps. I 

 know of no bee-flower on which so many wasps occur as in- 

 truders." It is frequently visited by hive-bees. 



The small, greenish-purple, irregular flowers are proter- 

 ogynous. In its earlier stages the stigma only protrudes, it 



FIG. 34. 

 Fig. 34. Scrophularia nodosa var Marilandica. 420, 421, early flower pistil 

 mature. 423, flower a day or twu later, pistil flabby, stamens mature. (After 

 Gray). 



is inclined over the lobe. Honey bees and wasps which 

 largely pollinate the flowers, approach them from the front, 

 come in contact with the stigma leaving some of the pollen 

 on it. The following day the stamens come in view and the 

 style becomes flabby and rests on the lower lip. An insect 



