blooming species are visited by Bombus females, Anthophora, 

 Synhalonia, Osmia and Alcidamea. Later blooming species 

 are visited by Bomhus males and workers and Melissodes, 

 while bees of the other genera are wanting." 



Sage. As previously stated, irregularity is one of 

 the causes that leads to cross-pollination by insects. 

 One of the most interesting is the pollination in meadow 

 sage (Salvia pratensis) which was accurately described and 

 figured by Sprengel. The ftowers in this species, as Hilde- 

 brand has shown, are proterandrous. This pretty blue sage 

 is common in the meadows of Europe. The blue labiate 

 flowers are arranged in a raceme. The upper lip is arched. 

 In their first stage the stigmas are folded together and pro- 

 trude from the upper lip but later they unfold and point 

 downward. The opening of the tube of the corolla is guard- 

 ed by two oblique proceases which are the sterile, transform- 

 ed anthers. Attached to these are extremely long connec- 

 tives. (In most ftowers the connective between anther 

 cells is short) ■ The other anther cell is under the arched lip 

 of the corolla. Now, when a bumble-bee lights on the under 

 lip and thrusts its proboscis downward into the nectary 

 which is indicated by the purplish spot, it comes in contact 

 with the processes which close the throat of the corolla. 

 When they are touched they lift upward and backward and 

 the fertil anthers concealed under the arched upper lip come 

 forward and downward, and in this way the pollen is brushed 

 off" on the bee's back. The bee gets an abundance of nectar 

 which is found in the lower part of the tube, and secreted by 

 the yellow, fieshy portion underneath the ovary. 



In S. lanceolata, which has become not uncommon in 

 some parts of Iowa, the blue flowers are conspicuous. The 

 lip forms a landing place for insects. The style extends be- 



