14V 



genera, as in the case of wheat and rye hybrids, or those of 

 Brassica and ffaphanus, also in Lychnis and Silene; Aegilops 

 and Triticum. They are not uncommon in certain orders, as 

 in the pink, cactus and orchid families. 



In a state of nature hybrids are not common. A full 

 list up to 1881, is given by Focke. They are most 

 numerous in willows, oaks and verbenas Prof. Bailey who 

 has given Carex much attention, states that out of one hun- 

 dred and eighty species in the Northeastern States, only 

 eleven hybrids are recorded. When we come to cultivate 

 plants. Prof. Bailey says: "Hybrids have been produced 

 between the raspberry and blackberry by two or three per- 

 sons, but they possess uo promise of economic results. 

 Among the list of garden vegetables (plants which are propa- 

 gated by seeds) I do not know of a single important hybrid." 



"It is true that there are many grape hybrids like the 

 Agawam, Lindley, Wilder and Brilliant, and of pears like 

 the Kieffer. In ornamental plants hybrids are numerous and 

 in many of these they are carefully cultivated and nursed 

 If these plants are left to shift for themselves, they soon lose 

 their charm." 



Focke concluded that the parental 



Parental Characters. , . , ■ i • «. 



characters may be variously mter- 



mingled; (1) a mean between both parents is maintained in 

 all parts of the plant, (2) the characteristics of the father or 

 mother predominate, (3) certain parts of the hybrid exhibit 

 the maternal and others the paternal characters. 



Weismann, in speaking of the control of parental char- 

 acters, says: ''In any inquiry with regard to the factors 

 which control the striiggle of the parental characters, it must, 

 above all, be borne in mind that the cells are always the 

 determining agents. The determinants of the fatlier and 



