BEE DISEASES 117 



many different names have been applied 

 to this trouble which is characterized by 

 the death of the larva and the formation 

 of a scale on the side of the cell. These 

 scales (the dried bodies of the larvae) al- 

 ways turn up at the tip, giving what bee- 

 keepers have long termed the "China- 

 man's shoe" effect. 



Like the other brood diseases it is in- 

 fectious though probably less so than the 

 first two disorders mentioned. Doctor 

 White has done much admirable work on 

 this disease but has been unable to isolate 

 any definite organism which can be 

 labeled as the actual cause of the troubles. 

 He has found, however, that the disease 

 can be transmitted by means of the dead 

 larval remains. Such remains contain a 

 virus of which very little is known except 

 that it will reproduce the disease. It is 

 apparently not found in honey. Conse- 

 quently the danger of transmitting the 

 disease from one colony to another is much 

 less than it is in the case of either Amer- 

 ican or European foulbrood. 



