THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE. 49 



principally of the following particulars : first, the soil of 

 the vicinity ; secondly, the dung and urine of horses, and 

 other animals ; and thirdly, the materials of the road it- 

 self, when piilverized. 



" After having specified manures known to be friendly 

 to the vine, it may not be improper to name some that 

 seem hurtful to it. Soot, wood ashes, pigeon and hen 

 dung, would all, I think, be too hot for the roots of the 

 vine. These are manures that come immediately into 

 action, and are more properly calculated for top dressing. 

 Pond mud and moor earth would probably be too cold, 

 and the latter might canker the roots of the vine, and 

 therefore, on that account, had better be omitted. 



" In the autumn, to prevent the roots of the vine from 

 being injured by the frost, they should be mulched to the 

 thickness of three or four inches with strawy manure. 

 A. little very rotten manure may be spread all over the 

 border. This is to be done the first season after plant- 

 ing. 



" By the end of the second year after planting, the 

 vines will have extended their roots to almost every part 

 of the border : and as, at this tender age, the roots are 

 very liable to receive injury by severe frosts, I would ad- 

 vise the borders to be covered the thickness of three or 

 four inches with long, dead, strawy dung. This is to be 

 removed in the spi-ing ; a little of the very rotten may 

 be permitted to remain, as this, with the addition of a 

 little rotten cow dung, should be worked into the border 

 every spring." 



Extract by Speechly from Marshall's Travels, which he 

 introduces by saying that he hopes will prove acceptable, 

 3 



