THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE. 59 



ter ; over these were then laid from one foot to eighteen 

 inches in thickness of brick rubbish, intermixed with 

 ojster shells and rough bone dust, materials which were 

 also freely mixed with the soil. The latter was stated to 

 be turfy loam mixed with leaf mould. At present, the 

 border is only about six feet wide and aboi \ eighteen 

 inches deep ; but it was mentioned that it is iivtended to 

 add four feet more to it this autumn, and, when finished, 

 which will not be for some years to come, it will be 

 twenty feet in width. It was stated that the great object 

 kept in view, in forming this border, was to make it po- 

 rous rather than rich, the latter being left to top-dress- 

 ings and liquid manure." 184:7, p. 607. 



" Pigeon manure, mixed with fresh soil, will certainly 

 improve your vine border." 



"You may apply manure water any time, except when 

 the crop is ripening off." 



" Large bunches of grapes have been produced on a 

 vine, of which the roots came in contact with the drain- 

 age in a court-yard of an inn, frequented throughout the 

 year." 1847, p. 624. 



" Bones as Manure. — The researches of the chemist 

 and the practical testimony of the farmer having more 

 fully established the value of bones as a manure, it be- 

 hoves us to ascertain whether they have been employed 

 in gardening as extensively as they deserve. The great- 

 est obstacle to the more general use of bones in garden- 

 ing, as well as in farming, is their undergoing decompo- 

 sition so very slowly. — M. Saul, Exotic Nv/rsery, Chel- 

 seaP 1847, p. 639. 



" Vineries at Bishop's Stortford. — ^Tiie borders are ad- 



