180 THE CULTUKE OF THE GRAPE; 



four feet in length, and tbe thickness of a common 

 broomstick, placed on the north side of the plant." 



After giving directions for pruning, etc., for the first 

 three years, he says, at the fourth year, your "plants 

 may be expected to bear a quantity of fruit ; then you 

 may leave three or four shoots to each plant, with about 

 four eyes ; but, when older, you may leave six or more 

 from a strong root. 



" Now when your vineyards want amendment, as all 

 lands will, strew some of the manure (liveings,) on the 

 ridges and about the ground between the rows, in the 

 month of November. Use no more than sixteen bushels 

 of the manure to an acre. 



" Now as to vines planted against a wall, pale, or 

 house, you may keep them to what height you please, as 

 the place will permit, etc. When your vine that is 

 planted against your walls, house, &c., wants refresh- 

 ment, you may water it with about two quarts of the 

 lixivium of the manure, when the vine begins to put forth ; 

 you may do the same about midsummer, when the grapes 

 are small ; all which invigorates the roots of your vines, 

 and makes them yield a nmch greater plenty of fruit." — 

 N'ew Treatise of Garden >ng, dy Samuel Trowell. Lon- 

 don, 1739. 



The varieties Trowell mentions as cultivated in the 

 vineyard are Burgundy, Champaigne, and Frontiuiack, 

 what we now know, probably, as the small black grapes 

 like Millers Burgundy, "White Sweetwater, and Frontig- 

 nan. 



The manure spoken of here is described as a very con- 

 centrated substance, equal in strength to guano. 



