198 THE CULIUEE OF THE GRAPE. 



same furrow, which threw out the sub-soil to the depth 

 of sixteen inches. The first plough then cojnmenced a 

 second furrow, and of course turned the slice of sward, 

 with the bones on it, into the bottom of the first, and the 

 second plough then threw the sub-soil over it, and so on 

 till the whole field was thus trenched. The vines were 

 then planted in rows, six feet apart, except that between 

 every third and fourth row a space of nine feet was left, 

 to admit a cart with manure. These vines were put but 

 six feet apart in the rows. 



" Grafting Vines. — Jn December, 1843, being about 

 planting a quantity of foreign vines, in a green-house 

 which was built by the former owner of the farm, it oc- 

 curred to me that I might get fruit sooner, if I could graft 

 upon old vines. The difficulty was in removing the old 

 vines. I had some Isabella vines of four years old, which 

 I had been obliged to remove the year before, and these 

 I judged best to make the attempt with. I took twelve 

 of them, not one of which was less than an inch in dia- 

 meter, at the surface of the ground, and in taking them 

 from the ground I used the greatest care to pi-eserve 

 every root. I first took a trowel and dug down beside 

 the vine, till I came to a root, and then followed it out 

 to its extremity, and then went to the next root, and so 

 on, so that I was sometimes an hour digging up a single 

 vine. I then planted them outside the house, carried the 

 stem to the inside, under ground, sawed it ofi" two or three 

 inches below the surface, split the stock, and inserted two 

 scions in each, pressed the earth as tight as possible 

 about them, and so left them. Some of them, however, 

 were left till March before grafting, but I did not per- 



