230 



THE CULTURE OF THE GRAPE. 



or lava ; and between these, cross-walls are frequently 

 interspersed, to break the force of the winds, intersect- 

 ing the vineyards in the same form as a window-sash. 

 At Madeira, a similar method is pursued. 



Vines, in the open air, are more free from mildew 

 when trained quite high or very low. 



lu villages on the continent of Europe, it is common 

 to see, in the principal streets, the-vine trained on the 

 houses, above the lower windows, about twelve feet from 

 the ground ; a great quantity of fruit is thus produced 

 at little expense ; the roots running under the pavement 

 of the street. 



The kinds grown are usually the small black sorts, 

 similar to the Early Black Jidy, and Miller's Burgundy. 



Se&iios. 



They are trained to suit the taste or convenience of the 

 cultivator. The following method is frequently met 

 with : — The leading shoot, after the vine has become es- 

 tablished, should be treated as directed in the rules for 

 the management of the American grape. 



