242 GLOSSARY 



Ascocarp (sac fruit). The fructification in which asci are formed. 

 Ascogonium (sac effispring). The female sexual organ of the sac fungi, 



or Ascomycetes. 

 Ascospores (sac spores). The spores developed in the ascus. 

 Ascus (a sac). One of the spore-producing cells of an ascocarp; each 



ascus generally develops eight spores. 

 Asexual spore. One having no immediate relation to sexual cell unions. 

 Association. One of the ecological unit groups (smaller than a plant 



formation) of which the formation is sometimes made up. 

 Axial. Concerning or belonging to the axis. 

 Axil (the armpit). The upper angle formed by the junction of the leaf 



and stem. 

 Axis (an axle). An imaginary central line about which organs are 



developed or ranged. 



Basidium (a little pedestal). A spore-bearing cell in the basidia fungi. 

 Bast, hard. The fibrous portion of the phloem. 

 Bast, soft. The portion of the phloem composed of sieve tubes. 

 Bilateral symmetry. The arrangement of parts in corresponding right 



and left halves, — zygomorphisra. 

 Bisexual. Term used of flowers having both stamens and pistils. 

 Bract, A modified leaf of an inflorescence. 

 Bryophytes (moss plants). The great group composed of the liverworts 



and mosses. 

 Bulb. A short subterranean stem or bud with fleshy scales. 



Calyptra (a veil). The cap covering the developing spore case of a moss 



(and also a liverwort), formed by the enlargement of the archego- 



nium after fertilization. 

 Calyx (a cup). A collective term for the sepals or outer members of the 



perianth. 

 Cambium (to change). The meristematic layer which in dicotyledons 



lies between the xylem and phloem parts of each . fibro-vascular 



bundle and forms a very thin cylinder joining wood and bark. 

 Canal cells. A row of cells in the neck of an archegonium above the egg. 

 Capsule (a box). A dry, dehiscent seed vessel. 

 Carpel (fruit). The simplest form of seed-bearing organ ; a simple 



pistil or one of the parts of a compound pistil ; morphologically a 



■megasporophyll. * 



Carpogonium (fruit offspring). The female sexual organ of the red 



algse. 

 Carpospore (fruit spore). A spore developed in the cystocarp of a red 



alga. 

 Cell (a small chamber). A unit of protoplasm ; a protoplast (with or 



without a cell wall). 

 Cell wall. The carbohydrate membrane, generally cellulose, by which 



plant protoplasts are usually inclosed, 



