10 EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN. 



latory duct in the fully evaginated male organ is indicated by dotted 

 lines in Fig. 4. Figs. 12 and 9 show the ejaculatory duct in longitudinal 

 and in cross sections of the evaginated organ, respectively. Michaelis 

 (page 456, citation) understood this position of the duet in the extended 

 organ, but he did not figure it. The elastic thickening, which gave a 

 bulbous or convex form to the dorsal side of the penis bulb in its rest- 

 ing condition, now presents itself as a concavity or cup in that same 

 side of the everted bulb (c. Fig. 4). Above the outer or distal edge of 

 the cup is the opening from the ejaculatory duct (o, Fig. 4), and before 

 the opposite edge stands the fully expanded doubly-pinnate lobe facing 

 toward the month of the duct, while from the edges of the cup on either 

 side of the pinnate lobe arise the pair of little chitin wings (wc). The 

 plates which bear these little wings lie partly covered by the elastic 

 thickening, now, with their slender free prongs (p. Fig. 4) directed 

 proximally. 



The above description of the extruded drone organ and of the act of 

 extrusion does not agree in certain essentials with the description 

 given by Cheshire. Microscopic sections of the ejaculatory duct show 

 that its walls are not muscular (Fig. 10). Both longitudinal and cir- 

 cular muscles occur in the walls of the seminal vesicles and in the 

 walls of the posterior portions of the accessory glands, however; but 

 these muscles serve another purpose* and are not in a position to assist 

 in the evagination of the penis. On page 202, Vol. II, Cheshire states 

 that "The bean, and the remaining parts, from o to m, are surrounded 

 by a membranous sheath, which remains intact after the expulsion 

 mentioned." In accordance with that statement, his drawing. A, Fig. 

 41, p. 199, shows two walls from "o to a"— i.e., the bulb and the remain- 

 der of the resting copulation tube is represented as lying within a 

 sheath which, itself, connects ^\ith the wall of the ejaculatory duct. 

 Now, dissections and microtome sections of the resting male organ 

 show the wall to be single (see Fig. '11), and, indeed, the Avail of the 

 ejaculatory duct goes over into the wall of the bulb. Unfortunately, 

 the drawing A, Fig. 41 of Cheshire, mentioned above, has been copied 

 as late as 1908 in Berlese "Gli Insetti," Vol. I, p. 864. 



In case of almost all the dissections made of drones, taken before 

 the hive entrance, the bulb of the resting sexual organ was found to 

 not contain spermatozoa in quantity, and no "spermatophore" was 

 lound. Cheshire's spermatophore^ as described on page 203 Vol II 

 appears, m reality, to possibly be the elastic thickenfng of 'the wall 



iLtfJ' ,^ ^'?''- }'\ *' ^"'^^ instances in which spermatozoa were 

 piesent m the dissected resting bulb, it is believed that they were 

 forced there by incomplete muscular contraction of the "paired organs" 

 during the process of opening the drones' abdomens. Several times 

 while studying the organs of a drone that had been opened under Ser' 



^LlZfntTm o7T'''^ fT'^'^f '' that-thr'ough the partiallv 

 transparent ^^all of the ejaculatory duct— the granular sperm fluid 



leat to mXrJZl ;r"'-'™? «-.—- ^ glands. ^iTof th^ 

 ieads_to_the belief that the pair of seminal vesicles and the posterior 



+I^S, l'°l ?' ?r. ^^ ! '^'^o- last part of footnote d 11 



P^i?»„'- . ^"""f '°,"^ Comparative Anatomy gives a nZT^'Ay. I '^''''.'^ °°t ^'=™' I-^eu^I^arfs 

 talcen from Leuckart. aiuuij, ^ives a nguie of the drone's reproductive organs 



