542 MILK 



milk is exposed to ultraviolet rays for a time sufficiently long to 

 destroy bacteria, a disagreeable flavor is produced which renders 

 the milk valueless Milk bottles are not sterihzed by ultraviolet 

 rays as efficiently as by steam. 



Biorization of milk is a process by which milk is heated rapidly 

 to 75° C. and cooled as rapidly. This is accomplished by dispers- 

 ing the milk into fine droplets in a room at 75° C. and then cooling 

 in a Liebig condenser. Schmitz claims that all pathogenic bac- 

 teria are absolutely destroyed by this process and that the milk 

 retains raw milk properties. 



Electricity and ozonization have been reconomended for the 

 destruction of germ Ufe in milk. Up to the present none of these 

 methods has been successfully applied. Wiener beUeves he has 

 demonstrated that the process of ozonizing milk is superior to 

 any method applied at the present time; that ozonized milk is 

 free from pathogenic microbes without having suffered alteration 

 in taste. Milk has been frozen for exportation, as the low tem- 

 perature prevents bacterial multiplication. The milk, when 

 frozen, does not decompose to an appreciable extent, but, as stated 

 earlier, undergoes serious physical changes. The thawed product 

 is never the same as the original milk. This process of preservar 

 tion has been used extensively in Denmark. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Ayers: United States Dept. of Agri., B. A. I., Circular 184, April, 1912. 

 United States Dept. of Agri., B. A. I., BuU. 342, January, 1916. 



Ayers and Johnson: United States Dept. of Agri., B. A. I., Bull. 126, Novem- 

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1913. Jour, of Inf. Dis., 1914, vol. 14, p. 217. Cent. f. Bakt., Abt. 2, 



1914, vol. 40, p. 109. Jour. Agri. Res., 1914, vol. 2, p. 321. United 

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 Agri. Res., 1915, vol. 3, p. 401. Jour, of Inf. Dis., 1918, vol. 23, p. 290. 



Ayers, Bowen, and Johnson: United States Dept. of Agri., B. A. I., Bull. 



420, October, 1916. 

 Bowen: United States Dept. of Agri., Bull. 85, 1914. 

 Budde: Milchzeitung, 1903, vol. 44, p. 690. 

 Farrington and Hastings: Univ. of Wis. Agri. Exper. Sta., Bull. 148, April, 



1907. 

 Frandsen: Univ. of Nebraska Agri. Exper. Sta., Press Bull. 39, February, 



1913. 

 Freeman: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1910, vol. 54, p. 372. 

 Frost: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1915, vol. 64, p. 821. 

 Hammer and Hauser: Agri. Exper. Sta. Iowa State Coll. of Agri. and Mechanic 



Arts, Bull. 154, November, 1914. Jour, of Dairy Science, 1918, vol. 1, 



p. 462. 

 Harding and Rogers: New York Agri. Exper. Sta., Bull. 172, December, 1899. 

 Hart and Steenbock: Agri. Exper. Sta. of Univ. of Wisconsin, Bull. 291, June, 



1918. 

 Heinemann: Archives of Pediatrics, June, 1908. 

 Jordan, E. O.: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1912, vol. 59, p. 1450. 

 Kilbourne : The Pasteurization of Milk, John Wiley and Son, New York, 1916. 

 Koehler and Tonney: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1911, vol. 56, p. 713. 



