598 MILK 



been abandoned of late. We have learned that milk if not boiled 

 should at least be pasteurized. We have learned that to get good 

 milk for babies the cows must be kept in good condition, in hy- 

 gienic surroundings, and must be free of disease, especially of 

 tuberculosis. 



4. Infant Welfare. — One of the means of educating the public 

 to the importance of clean milk and the necessity of a regular 

 nursing period has been the Infant Welfare Movement. This 

 movement was started by Budin in France about 1892 and was 

 soon followed in different countries. At present there is hardly a 

 country that has no infant welfare societies in operation. In this 

 country the National Association for the Study and Prevention 

 of Infant Mortality was organized in 1909, and the Federal Chil- 

 dren's Bureau was organized in 1912. These two organizations 

 are doing a great deal for the promotion of infant weKare in this 

 country. Besides these central organizations there are infant 

 welfare societies in every state in the Union. The piu-pose of the 

 Infant Welfare Society is to instruct the mother in the care of 

 her infant, in the choice and regulation of its food, and even in 

 the matter of the clothing. The infant welfare societies are doing 

 particularly good work among the poorer classes who Uve in un- 

 hygienic surroundings and who cannot afford to pay private phy- 

 sicians for advice about the welfare of their infants. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



Budin, P. : The Nursling, The Feeding and Hygiene of Premature and Full- 

 term Infants (translated by W. J. Maloney), London, 1907. 



Carlson, A. J., and Ginsburg, H.: The Gastric Hunger Contractions of the 

 Newborn, Amer. Jour, of Physiol., 1915, vol. 37, p. 29. 



Czerny, A., and Keller, A. : Des Kindes Emahrung, Ernahrungstorungen und 

 Ernahrungstherapie, Leipzig and Wien, 1901. 



Finkelstein, H. : Sauglingskrankheiten. 



Finkelstein and Meyer: Die Krankheiten der Verdauungsorgane, Peer's Lehr- 

 buch der KinderheUkundie, Jena, 1914. 



Heubner: Lehrbuch der Kinderheilkunde, Leipzig, 1911. 



Levinson, A. : Oatmeal Gruel in Infant Feeding, Archives of Pediatrics, 1917, 

 vol. 34, p. 707. 



Mathews: Text-book of Physiological Chemistry, New York, 1916. 



Rotch: Infant Feeding, Keating's Cyclopedia of the Diseases of Children, 

 1889. 



Rubner and Heubner: Naturliche Ernahrung eines Sauglings, Zeitschrift fiir 

 Biologie, vol. 36, p. 43. Die kunstliche Ernahrung eines normalen Saug- 

 lings, Zeitschrift fur Biologie, vol. 36, p. 315. - 



Taylor, R. : Hunger and Appetite Secretion of Gastric Juice in Infants' Stom- 

 achs, Amer, Jour, of Diseases of Children, 1917, vol. 14, p. 258. 



