ZOOLOGY — BIRDS. 45 



HAKPORHYNCHUS EEDIVIVUS, Gam b el .—California Mocking Bird. 



Toxostoma rediviva, Gambel, Journ. Acad. N. S. Phil. 2d series, vol. I, p. 42. 

 Harpes redivivus, Gamb. Proceed. Acad. N. S. Phil. vol. II, p. 264 

 Ehrporhynchus redivivus, Baied, Gen. Rep. IX, 349. 



Abundant, not only having procured it in northern California, but also as far south as Texas, 

 on the borders of the Rio Grande. Shy and wild in its habits, when startled it flies low 

 some distance, and plunging into a thicket alights, runs on the ground, and so conceals itself 

 that it is not again easily found. Its notes are equal in harmony to those of our mocking bird, 

 and among the miners it is well known as the California mocking bird. It incubates in the 

 country, but the only nest I found, composed externally of coarse twigs and lined with fine roots, 

 contained young, it then being the month of July. 



TURDUS MIGEATOEIUS, Linn .—The Eobin. 



Tardus migratorim, Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 14, pi. 142. — Ndit. Orn. vol. I, p. 339. — Wilb. Am. Orn. vol. I, 

 p. 35, pi. 2, fig. 1. 



Abundant, but only appearing in the mining regions of California during the winter season. 

 Several flocks of these birds were observed at Fort Yuma in the month of December. 



TURDUS NAEVIUS, Gmel.— The Varied Thrush. 



Twrdus naevius, Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 22, pi. 143. 

 Orplieus merulaides, EiOH. & Sw, F. Bor. Am. part II, p. 137, pi. 38. 



Abundant, being found in the mountainous districts in large flocks, frequenting the moist 

 hill sides in search of food. It does not incubate in the country, but migrates north in early 

 spring. 



TUEDUS NANUS, Aud.— Dwarf Thrush. 



Tardus nanus, Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 32, pi. 147. 

 Abundant. I found this species breeding in the stunted oaks covering the sand hills around 

 San Francisco. 



ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS, L i c h t .—American Pipit. 



Anthus ludovicianus, DeKat, N. Hist. N. Y. part I, p. 76, pi. 64, fig. 99.— Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. HI, p. 40, pi. 150. 



Anihus spinoletta, Nutt. Orn. vol. I, p. 450. 



Alauda rufa, WiLS. Am. Orn. vol. V, p. 89, pi. 42, fig. 4. 



Abundant. 



OTOCORIS ALPESTEIS, L i n n .—Shore Lark. 



Alawda comuta, DsKay's N. Hist, of N. Y. part I, p. 179, pi. 73, fig. 165.— Rich. & Sw. F. Bor. Am. vol. II, p. 245. 

 Alauda alpestris, WiLS. Am, Orn. vol. I, p. 85, pi. 5, fig. 4.— Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 44, pi. 151. — Ntjtt. Orn. 



vol. I, p. 455. 

 ErenwpUla carnuta, Baird, Gen. Keport, IX, 403. 



Abundant. 



OTOCORIS EUFA, Aud.— Western Shore Lark. 



Alauda rufa, Aud. B. of A. Oct. vol. VII, p. 353, pi. 497. 



Abundant. Congregating with the two preceding species, they form together large flocks, 

 covering the plains during the fall season, engaged in gleaning the seeds of grasses and small 



