50 V. S. p. R. E. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ROUTE TO CALIFORNIA. 



CAEDUELIS TKISTIS, Linn .—American Goldfinch. 



Carduelis tristis, DeKat's N. Hist. N. Y. vol. I, p. 166, pi. 6C, fig. 151.— AuD. B. of A Oct. vol. Ill, p. 129, pi. 181. 

 FringiUa tristis, Nutt. Orn. vol. I, p. 507. 

 Chrysomitris tnstis, Baikd, Gen. Rep. IX, 421. 



Abundant. 



CAEDUELIS LAWRBNOII, a s s i n .—Lawrence's Goldfinch. 



Carduelis laiorencii, Cassin, Proo. Ac. N. Sc. Phil. vol. V, p. 105, pi. 5. 



These birds are very abundant throughout the northern mining regions of California, 

 frequenting the hill sides covered with brush, the seeds and buds of which they seek with great 

 avidity. Later in the season I found them near San Diego, in quest of grass seeds on the level 

 plains, in large flocks and so closely packed that I have shot thirteen at one discharge of my 

 gun as they were about alighting on the ground. Their nest, built in the forks of a bush or 

 stunted oak, is composed of fine grasses lined with hair and feathers^ and contains four or five 

 pure white eggs. 



CAEDUELIS PSALTEIA, Say .—Arkansas Goldfinch. 



Carduelis psaltria, AuD. B. of A. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 134, pi. 183. 



Fringilla jisaltria, Aw. Fol. pi 400, fig. 1. — Say, Long's Ex. to Rky. Mts. vol. II, p. 40. — Nutt. Orn. vol. I, p. 510. — 



BoNAP. Am. Orn. vol. I, p. 54, pi. 6, fig. 3. 

 Chrysomitris psaltria, Baird, Gen. Rep. IX, 422. 



Abundant, frequenting and feeding in the same localities as the preceding species, and often 

 associated with the pine finch, {Linaria pinus.) While thus associated, I shot, on one occasion, 

 some sixty or seventy of both species, which appeared at the time to be picking the fine gravel 

 mixed in with the mud used as mortar in a chimney recently constructed by a party of miners. 

 At each discharge of the gun they would fly away, returning, however, in a few minutes to the 

 same spot whence they had been driven. 



CAEPODACUS PUEPUEEUS, G m e 1 .—Purple Finch. 



FringUla purpurea, WiLS. Am. Orn. vol. I, p. 119, pi. 7, fig. 4. — Nutt. Orn. vol. I, p. 529. — Aud. B. of A. Fol. pi. 4. 

 Erythrospiza purpurea, Aud. Oct. vol. Ill, p. 170, pi. 19G. 

 Carpodaaus californicus, BAinD, Gen. Rep. IX, 413. 



I met with bat a small flock of these birds in the mountains on the Calaveras river. 

 CAEPODACUS FAMILIAEIS, M c C a 1 1 .—Domestic Purple Finch. 



Garpodacusfamiliaris, MoOall, Proc. Ac. N. Sc. Phil. vol. "VI, p. 61.— Cassin's B. of Tex. and Cal. p. 73, pi. 13. 

 Erythrospiza frontalis, Heekmann, Journ. Ac. N. Sc. Phil. vol. I, 2d series, p. 53. 

 Carpodacus frontalis, Baibd, Gen. Rep. IX, 415. 



This beautiful and abundant species is found throughout the whole extent of California 

 Sonora, and New Mexico, collecting in large flocks during the winter season and wandering 

 over the country. Its food consists principally of the young buds of trees and bushes. Eesorting 

 in the spring of the year to the habitations of man, it forms its nest under the eaves of the 



