CLUPEIDiE. — XXX. 73 



Head 5 ; depth 3^. With C. pseudoharengus, but running later, 

 less abundant and much less valuable as a food-fish. (Lat., belong- 

 ing to summer.) 



cc. Teeth on jaws ; usually persistent at tip of both jaws ; peritoneum 

 pale. 



171. C. chrysochloris Rafinesque. Skip-jack. Body ellipti- 

 cal ; head slender, rather pointed; lower jaw strongly project- 

 ing; maxiUary reaching posterior part of eye; eye large, 4 J- in 

 head ; fins moderate ; gill rakers not numerous, rather stout, about 

 X -f- 23 ; opercles striate. Bright blue, sides with golden reflec- 

 tions. HeadSf; depth3|. D.16. A. 18. Lat. 1.52. Scutes 20+ 13. 

 L. 18. Miss. Valley, etc., abundant and resident in larger streams, 

 introduced into Great Lakes. Also in Gulf of Mexico. A hand- 

 some but lean and poor fish in the rivers, becoming excessively fat 

 in salt water, (xpvaos, golden; xKcopos, green.) 



bb. Cheeks little if at all deeper than long, the preopercle scarcely pro- 

 longed forward below ; body deep ; depth of body 2 J to 3; teeth few 

 or none. (Alosa Cuvier.) 



172. C. sapidissima Wilson. Shad. Body rather deep; 

 mouth large, the jaws subequal ; gill rakers very long and slender, 

 X -(- 40 to 60 ; fins low. D. nearer snout than C. Bluish, sides 

 more or less silvery ; usually a dark blotch behind opercle, and 

 often several in a row behind this ; peritoneum white. Head i\ ; 

 depth about 3. D. 15. A. 21. Lat. 1. 60. Scutes 21 + 16. L. 30. 

 Atlantic coast from the Miramachi to the Alabama, ascending 

 rivers to spawn ; one of the best of food-fish. Introduced in Ohio 

 R. etc. (Superlative of Lat., sapidus, good to eat.) 



73. OPISTHONEMA Gill. (Smcr^f, behind; v^ixa, thread.) 



173. O. oglinum (Le Sueur). Thread Herring. Body 

 compressed; belly strongly serrate; jaws toothless ; dorsal filament 

 about as long as head. Bluish, silvery below; a bluish shoulder spot; 

 dark streaks along scales of back. Head 4 ; depth 3^ D. 19. A. 

 24. Lat. 1. 50. Scutes 17-1-11. L. 12. West Indies, N. to Cape 

 Cod. 



74. BREVOORTIA Gill. (To James Carson Brevoort, late of 

 Brooklyn, N. Y.) 



174. B. tyrannus (Latrobe). Menhaden. Mossbunker. 

 Bug-fish. Fat-back. Body compressed, deep, heavy anteriorly ; 

 no teeth ; gill rakers very long and slender ; scales very closely 

 imbricated, irregularly arranged; fins small. Bluish, sides silvery 

 or brassy; fins yellowish ; a dark scapular blotch, behind which are 

 usually smaller spots. Head 3|; depth 3. D. 19. A. 19. Lat. 1. 

 60 to 80. Scutes 20-1-12. L. 20. Cape Cod to Florida; very abun- 



