scokpjenid^. — Lxxn. 147 



cheek is wholly maaed. In others, as Cyclopterus, this stay is 

 little conspicuous. The Cataphracti agree with the Scyphobranchii 

 in having the third upper pharyngeal large, basin-shaped, but they 

 difEer much among themselves, the Hexagrammidw and Scorpcsnida 

 resembling the Perciform fishes, while some of the others are widely 

 aberrant. 



Family LXXII. SCORP^NID^. (The Eock-fishes.) 

 ^ Body oblong, robust, usually covered with ctenoid scales ; lateral 

 line present. Head large, with spinous ridges above ; opercle with 

 two spinous processes ; preopercle with five. Mouth large, the jaws 

 with vHlLform teeth ; premaxillaries protractile ; maxillaries broad, 

 simple, not sheathed by preorbital ; bony suborbital stay present, 

 usually covered by skin and usually not reaching preopercle. Gill 

 membranes free and separate. Gills 3^, with no slit behind the last. 

 V. normal, I, 5. D. continuous, with 8 to 16 strong spines. Arctic 

 species have more spines and more vertebrse than tropical species. 

 Vertebrae 24 to 32; A. short, with 3 spines; P. broad. Pseudo- 

 branchise and air-bladder large. Genera 20 ; species 200. Carniv- 

 orous fishes living about rocks in all seas, often at considerable 

 depths, especially abundant about Cal. and Japan. Non-migratory ; 

 excellent as food, and usually red in color. Most are viviparous, 

 the young \ inch long when born. (a-Kopmos, scorpion.) 

 a. Dorsal spines 15 ; vertebrae 12 -|- 19 = 31; palatine teeth present; head not 

 very rough above Sebastes, 185. 



185. SEBASTES Cuvier. (o-e/Saordr, magnificent.) 

 403. S. marinus (L.). Kose-fish. Hemdurgan. Norway 

 Haddock. Body ovate ; top and sides of head evenly scaled ; 

 cranial ridges low and sharp ; preoeular, supraocular, postocular, 

 tympanic, and occipital ridges present ; eye very large ; chin prom- 

 inent. Orange red, some dusky on opercle. Head 3 ; depth 24. 

 D. XV, 14. A. Ill, 8. Lat. 1. 40, tubes 85. N. Atl., S. to 

 Cape Cod ; common N. Specimens in shallow water are smaller 

 and brownish. (Var. viviparus Kroyer.) {Eu.) 



Family LXXIII. COTTID^. (The Sculpins.) 

 Body elongate, more or less, the head usually large and depressed ; 

 eyes high ; bony stay conspicuous, but not covering the cheek ; pre- 

 opercle armed ; teeth in villiform bands ; maxillary simple ; gills 3i 

 or 4 ; gill membranes connected, often joined to isthmus. Body 

 naked, or irregularly scaled or warty, never evenly scaled ; lateral 

 line present. Dorsals usually separate, the spines slender; A. 

 without spines; P. large, with broad procurrent base, the lower 

 rays simple ; V. thoracic, usually I, 8 or I, 4, sometimes wanting, 

 never united. Pseudobranchise present. Vertebrae, as usual in 



