182 BATRACHIA : SALIENTIA. — XXVII. 



this form by degrees it develops into tlie adult animal, which is 

 always more or less frog-like. (Lat,, saliens, leaping.) 



Families of Salientia, 

 u. Tongue present, adherent in front, more or less free behind ; eustachian 

 tubes widely separated. 

 6. Thoracic 1 region capable of expansion: the free and divergent ends of 

 the coracoid and precoracoid connected by two longitudinal cartila- 

 ginous bands, the cartilage of one side overlapping the other. Toads 

 and Tree-toads. {Arcifera.) 



u. Upper jaw toothless; toes webbed, not dilated at tip ; paratoids 

 (glandular bodies behind ear) generally present; terrestrial. 



BUFONID^, 105. 

 cc. Upper jaw with teeth. 

 d. Fingers and toes tapering, without viscid disks ; ours with a sharp 

 flat-edged spur at heel ; paratoids present; subterranean. 



Pelobatid^, 106. 

 dd. Fingers and toes more or less dilated at their tips, this dilation 

 forming a viscid disk; paratoids none in our species; chiefly- 

 arboreal Hyud^, 107. 



bh. Thoracic region incapable of expansion, the two bands of cartilage 

 united in a median mass between the adjacent ends of the nearly 

 parallel coracoid and precoracoid bones. Frogs. {Firmisternia.) 

 e. Upper jaw toothless ; diapophyses of sacral vertebrae dilated (tympa- 

 num hidden and toes free in our species). Engystomatid^, 108. 

 ee. Upper jaw with teeth; no paratoids; toes webbed, and usually fin- 

 gers also; tympanum evident; no viscid disks; sacral diapophyses 

 scarcely dilated. Eanid^, 109. 



Family CV. BUFONID.^. (The Toads.) 

 Jaws toothless ; toes webbed, not dilated at their tips ; sacra 

 vertebrse with dilated processes; paratoids prominent. Genera 8; 

 species 85, in most warm regions. 

 u. Snout not pointed ; no lateral fold of skin ; skin more or less warty. 



BuFO, 262. 

 262. BUFO Laurenti. (Lat. Toad.) 



514. B. lentiginosus Shaw. American Toad. Brownish 

 olive with a yellowish vertebral line and some brownish spots ; 

 two black patches below eyes; tympanum large; adults very 

 warty ; young nearly smooth ; a bony ridge above and behind eye ; 

 paratoids elliptical. L., 3\. E. U. S., very common, variable; 

 the northern form is var. americanus (Le Conte) having the bony 

 ridges moderate, not swollen behind ; var. fowleri Putnam, Mass. 

 and N., has these crests much swollen and coalescent, "forming 

 an osseous boss on the skull." (Lat., freckled.) 



Family CVI. PBLOBATID..ffi. (The Burrowing Toads.) 



Upper jaw with teeth; heel usually provided with a more or less 



developed spur. Genera 8, species 18 ; Europe and America. 



1 To understand the character of the structure here briefly described, the studeut 

 should dissect a toad (amfermts) and a frog {firmisUrnialA 



